Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
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A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Magnetic atom optics: mirrors, guides, traps, and chips for atoms
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TL;DR: In this article, the underlying principles of the forces acting on atoms above a suitably magnetized substrate or near current-carrying wires are reviewed, and the status of experiments are summarized.
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The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules
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Prospect of creating a composite Fermi–Bose superfluid
TL;DR: In this paper, a composite Fermi-Bose superfluid can be created in cold-atom traps by employing a Feshbach resonance or coherent photoassociation, and it is shown that these oscillations will provide an experimental signature of the pairing.
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Finite temperature excitations in a dilute Bose-condensed gas
Hua Shi,Allan Griffin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a systematic account of several approximations for the Beliaev self-energies for a uniform dilute Bose gas at finite temperature.
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On Bose-Einstein condensation in harmonic traps
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study Bose-Einstein condensation of relatively small numbers of particles confined by a harmonic potential and show that the specific heat capacity exhibits a sharp drop at the onset of condensation, reminiscent of the heat capacity of liquid 4 He at the λ-point.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
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Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
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Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
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Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.