Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Quantum effects in the collective light scattering by coherent atomic recoil in a Bose-Einstein condensate
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extend the semiclassical model of the collective atomic recoil laser to include the quantum mechanical description of the center-of-mass motion of the atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transition to instability in a kicked bose-einstein condensate
TL;DR: A periodically kicked ring of a Bose-Einstein condensate is considered as a nonlinear generalization of the quantum kicked rotor, where stability remains for weak interactions but is destroyed by strong interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of an atom laser based on the spatial control of the scattering length
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the controllable emission of matter-wave bursts and studied the dependence of the process on the spatial shape of the scattering length along the axis of emission.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atom lasers: production, properties and prospects for precision inertial measurement
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review experimental progress on atom laser out-coupled from Bose-Einstein condensates, and consider the properties of such beams in the context of precision inertial sensing.
Journal Article
Bose-Einstein condensation: Twenty years after
Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato,Dimitrios J. Frantzeskakis,Panayotis G. Kevrekidis,Boris A. Malomed,Dumitru Mihalache +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a general introduction to the theme of Bose-Einstein condensates is presented, and the evolution of a number of relevant research directions during the last two decades is discussed.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.