Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Binary mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates: Phase dynamics and spatial dynamics
Alice Sinatra,Yvan Castin +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative phase coherence properties and the occurrence of demixing instabilities for two mutually interacting and time evolving Bose-Einstein condensates in traps are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Active cancellation of stray magnetic fields in a Bose-Einstein condensation experiment.
TL;DR: A method of active field cancellation is described, which greatly reduces the stray magnetic field within the trap region of a Bose-Einstein condensation experiment, using an array of six single-axis magnetic sensors to interpolate the field at the trap center.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large atom number Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the setup to create a large Bose-Einstein condensate containing more than 120 x 10(6) atoms, where a thermal beam is slowed by a Zeeman slower and captured in a dark-spot magneto-optical trap (MOT).
Journal ArticleDOI
Numerical simulation of the double slit interference with ultracold atoms
Michel Gondran,Alexandre Gondran +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a numerical simulation of the double slit interference experiment realized by F. Shimizu and H. Takuma with ultracold atoms and show how the Feynman path integral method enables the calculation of the time-dependent wave function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical mechanisms generating spontaneous symmetry breaking and a hierarchy of scales
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase transition in (3+1)-dimensional λΦ4 theory was discussed from a very physical perspective. But the authors did not consider the effect of the mass of the phion on its behavior.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.