Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent experimental and theoretical progress concerning many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases is presented, focusing on effects beyond standard weakcoupling descriptions, such as the Mott-Hubbard transition in optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions, or lowest-Landau-level physics in quasi-two-dimensional gases in fast rotation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped gases
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the Bose-Einstein condensation of dilute gases in traps from a theoretical perspective and provided a framework to understand the main features of the condensation and role of interactions between particles.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
TL;DR: To understand the central claims of evolutionary psychology the authors require an understanding of some key concepts in evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, philosophy of science and philosophy of mind.
Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas
Lene Vestergaard Hau,Lene Vestergaard Hau,Stephen E. Harris,Zachary Dutton,Zachary Dutton,Cyrus H. Behroozi,Cyrus H. Behroozi +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental demonstration of electromagnetically induced transparency in an ultracold gas of sodium atoms, in which the optical pulses propagate at twenty million times slower than the speed of light in a vacuum, is presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Refractive index of a dilute Bose gas
TL;DR: The temperature dependence of the refractive index gives a clear signature of quantum statistical effects, even if the degeneracy threshold for Bose-Einstein condensation is not reached.
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Behavior of neutral atoms in a spontaneous force trap
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the collective behavior of a cloud of optically trapped neutral atoms and found that the distributions depend sensitively on the number of atoms and the alignment of the laser beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Collisional losses from a light-force atom trap
TL;DR: Measurements are presented which show that, in contrast with Ref. 9, the collisional loss rate has a marked dependence on the trap laser intensity, and strong circumstantial evidence is presented that the dependence at very low intensities is due to hyperfinechanging collisions between ground-state atoms.
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Conditions for Bose-Einstein condensation in magnetically trapped atomic cesium
TL;DR: In all calculated elastic and inelastic two-body rates, a pronounced resonance structure is found, which can be understood in terms of the interplay between the singlet-triplet interaction and the hyperfine, Zeeman, and magnetic dipole interactions.
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Behavior of atoms in a compressed magneto-optical trap
TL;DR: In this paper, the behavior of a cloud of atoms in a magneto-optical trap, which is compressed when the field gradients of the trap magnetic field are increased, is investigated.