Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern forming dynamical instabilities of bose–einstein condensates
TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited a number of works on the pattern-forming dynamical instabilities of Bose-Einstein condensates in one and two-dimensional settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser cooling and trapping of atoms
TL;DR: A review of laser cooling and trapping techniques can be found in this article, where three main features are discussed: quantization of atomic motion, effects of the multilevel structure of atoms, and effects of polychromatic light.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transformations for a generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg de Vries model from blood vessels, Bose Einstein condensates, rods and positons with symbolic computation
Bo Tian,Bo Tian,Guang-Mei Wei,Guang-Mei Wei,Chun-Yi Zhang,Wen-Rui Shan,Yi-Tian Gao,Yi-Tian Gao +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a large class of generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) models with external-force and perturbed/dissipative terms is studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensates with 1/r interatomic attraction: electromagnetically induced "gravity".
TL;DR: It is shown that particular configurations of intense off-resonant laser beams can give rise to an attractive 1/r interatomic potential between atoms located well within the laser wavelength.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simplified system for creating Bose-Einstein condensates
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a novel system for creating Bose-Einstein condensates of /sup 87/Rb. The system contains only one magneto optical trap (MOT) and uses moving coils to transfer atoms between a vapor cell and a UHV cell.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.