Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultra-light dark matter
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the wave nature of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and the superfluid on galactic scales, and apply this knowledge to dark matter models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multicomponent superconductivity based on multiband superconductors
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantum phase that originates from the interband phase difference in a superconducting condensate is discussed. And the authors discuss the applicability of this physical viewpoint for known multiband superconductors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beam quality of a nonideal atom laser.
J.-F. Riou,William Guerin,Y. Le Coq,M. Fauquembergue,Vincent Josse,Philippe Bouyer,Alain Aspect +6 more
TL;DR: Using the WKB approximation, Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral formalism, and ABCD matrices, the atom-laser propagation is described analytically and the quality is characterized by a generalized M2 factor defined in analogy to photon lasers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cold Binary Atomic Collisions in a Light Field.
TL;DR: The trap loss rates due to binary collisions are comparable to or exceed those due to atomic recoil heating for a wide range of detunings to the blue of atomic resonance and near the peaks of photoassociation resonances for the case of red detuning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Numerical methods and comparison for computing dark and bright solitons in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
TL;DR: These numerical methods are applied to study numerically the stability and interactions of dark and bright solitons in NLSE and extended to solve NLSE with general nonlinearity and/or external potential and coupled NLSEs with vector soliton.
References
More filters
Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.