Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
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A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
On the uniqueness of solutions to the periodic 3D Gross–Pitaevskii hierarchy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a uniqueness result for solutions to the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy on the three-dimensional torus, under the assumption of an a priori spacetime bound.
Book ChapterDOI
Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Systems with Long Range Interactions: an Introduction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review theoretical results obtained recently in the framework of statistical mechanics to study systems with long range forces, with a special emphasis on Bose-Einstein condensates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensation of metastable helium in a bi-planar quadrupole ioffe configuration trap
Robert Dall,Andrew Truscott +1 more
TL;DR: Using a novel magnetic trapping geometry, this paper constructed a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with approximately one million atoms, the first realisation of a BEC in a bi-planar quadrupole Ioffe configuration magnetic trap.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Rigorous Derivation of the 3D Cubic Nonlinear Schr\"odinger Equation with A Quadratic Trap
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of the 3D N-body Schrodinger equation in the presence of a quadratic trap were considered. And the space-time bound conjectured by Klainerman and Machedon [30] was established.
Journal ArticleDOI
Creation of a Bose-condensed gas of 87Rb by laser cooling
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate direct laser cooling of a gas of rubidium-87 (87Rb) atoms to quantum degeneracy in 300 milliseconds, as confirmed by a bimodal velocity distribution.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.