Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser refrigeration of hydrothermal nanocrystals in physiological media.
Paden B. Roder,Bennett E. Smith,Xuezhe Zhou,Matthew J. Crane,Peter J. Pauzauskie,Peter J. Pauzauskie +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that single-beam laser trapping can be used to induce and quantify the local refrigeration of physiological media by >10 °C following the emission of photoluminescence from upconverting yttrium lithium fluoride (YLF) nanocrystals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensation in a simple microtrap
S. Schneider,A. Kasper,Ch. vom Hagen,M. Bartenstein,B. Engeser,Thorsten Schumm,Israel Bar-Joseph,Ron Folman,L. Feenstra,Jörg Schmiedmayer +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, a Bose-Einstein condensate is created in a simple and robust miniature Ioffe-Pritchard trap, the so-called Z trap, which results from the mere combination of a Z-shaped current-carrying wire and a homogeneous bias field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cosmological dynamics of dark matter Bose-Einstein condensation
TL;DR: In this article, the Bose-Einstein condensation process in a cosmological context is studied in a first-order phase transition model, and the evolution of the physical quantities relevant for the physical description of the early universe, namely, the energy density, temperature, and scale factor, before, during, and after the phase transition is analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coherent quantum tunneling between two Bose-Einstein condensates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable vortex-bright-soliton structures in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates.
TL;DR: The numerical realization of robust two-component structures in 2D and 3D Bose-Einstein condensates with nontrivial topological charge in one component are reported, finding them to be very robust both in the homogeneous medium and in the presence of external confinement.
References
More filters
Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.