Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
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A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of periodic multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates
TL;DR: The cubic vector nonlinear Schrodinger equation with an external trigonometric potential was studied in this paper, where families of exact stationary solutions for the more general case of an elliptic function potential were constructed.
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Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Yuki Kawaguchi,Masahito Ueda +1 more
TL;DR: An overview on spinor and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is given in this article, where the symmetry of the order parameter is classified using group theory, and various topological excitations are investigated based on homotopy theory.
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Probing BEC phase fluctuations with atomic quantum dots
M. Bruderer,Dieter Jaksch +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the dephasing of two internal states |0 and |1 of a trapped impurity atom, a so-called atomic quantum dot (AQD), where only state |1 couples to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), is investigated.
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Collapsing Estimates and the Rigorous Derivation of the 2d Cubic Nonlinear Schr\"odinger Equation with Anisotropic Switchable Quadratic Traps
TL;DR: In this article, the 2D and 3d many body Schrodinger equations with anisotropic switchable quadratic traps were considered and a modified Elgart-Erdos-Schlein-Yau procedure was proposed.
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The effect of interactions on Bose-Einstein condensation in a quasi two-dimensional harmonic trap
TL;DR: In this paper, a dilute bose gas in a quasi-two-dimensional harmonic trap and interacting with a repulsive two-body zero-range potential of fixed coupling constant is considered.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
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Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.