Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
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TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Quantum interference experiments with large molecules
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of longitudinal (spectral) coherence can be demonstrated by a direct comparison of interferograms obtained with a thermal beam and a velocity selected beam in close analogy to the usua...
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Rapid production of R 87 b Bose-Einstein condensates in a combined magnetic and optical potential
TL;DR: In this paper, a magnetic quadrupole trap and a red-detuned optical dipole trap are combined to produce Bose-Einstein condensates in 16 s. This technique combines the efficient capture of atoms from a magneto-optical trap into a magnetic trap with the rapid evaporation of optical dipoles.
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Few-body physics with ultracold atomic and molecular systems in traps
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent studies of few-body phenomena in trapped atomic and molecular gases, with an emphasis on small trapped systems and commonalities with other systems such as nuclei or quantum dots are highlighted.
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Cold Bosons in Optical Lattices
TL;DR: In this paper, the main principles of correct self-consistent description of arbitrary systems with Bose-Einstein condensate are formulated, and theoretical methods for describing regular periodic lattices are presented.
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Quantum harmonic oscillator state synthesis by reservoir engineering
D. Kienzler,H-Y. Lo,Ben Keitch,L. E. de Clercq,Florian M. Leupold,Frieder Lindenfelser,Matteo Marinelli,Vlad Negnevitsky,Jonathan Home +8 more
TL;DR: The mechanical motion of a single trapped ion is used to generate squeezed, coherent, and displaced-squeezed states as steady states in the presence of noise to facilitate studies of entanglement, quantum computation, and open-system quantum simulations in a wide range of physical systems.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
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Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
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Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
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Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
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Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.