Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Bile Acids and Bile Acid Receptors in Metabolic Regulation
TLDR
Results suggest that modulation of FXR activity and BA metabolism may open new attractive pharmacological approaches for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.Abstract:
The incidence of the metabolic syndrome has taken epidemic proportions in the past decades, contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The metabolic syndrome can be d...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Intestinal Crosstalk between Bile Acids and Microbiota and Its Impact on Host Metabolism.
TL;DR: Host metabolism can be affected through microbial modifications of bile acids, which lead to altered signaling via bile acid receptors, but also by altered microbiota composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bile acids: regulation of synthesis.
TL;DR: Bile acids are able to induce FGF 19 in human hepatocytes, and the FGF19 autocrine pathway may exist in the human livers, andThe mechanism by which FXR/FGF19/FGFR4 signaling inhibits CYP7A1 remains unknown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME.
Patricio Godoy,Nicola J. Hewitt,Ute Albrecht,Melvin E. Andersen,Nariman Ansari,Sudin Bhattacharya,Johannes G. Bode,Jennifer Bolleyn,Christoph Borner,J Böttger,Albert Braeuning,Robert A. Budinsky,Britta Burkhardt,Neil R. Cameron,Giovanni Camussi,Chong Su Cho,Yun Jaie Choi,J. Craig Rowlands,Uta Dahmen,Georg Damm,Olaf Dirsch,María Teresa Donato,Jian Dong,Steven Dooley,Dirk Drasdo,Dirk Drasdo,Dirk Drasdo,Rowena Eakins,Karine Sá Ferreira,Valentina Fonsato,Joanna Fraczek,Rolf Gebhardt,Andrew Gibson,Matthias Glanemann,Christopher E. Goldring,María José Gómez-Lechón,Geny M. M. Groothuis,Lena Gustavsson,Christelle Guyot,David Hallifax,Seddik Hammad,Adam S. Hayward,Dieter Häussinger,Claus Hellerbrand,Philip Hewitt,Stefan Hoehme,Hermann-Georg Holzhütter,J. Brian Houston,Jens Hrach,Kiyomi Ito,Hartmut Jaeschke,Verena Keitel,Jens M. Kelm,B. Kevin Park,Claus Kordes,Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick,Edward L. LeCluyse,Peng Lu,Jennifer Luebke-Wheeler,Anna Lutz,Daniel J. Maltman,Madlen Matz-Soja,Patrick D. McMullen,Irmgard Merfort,Simon Messner,Christoph Meyer,Jessica Mwinyi,Dean J. Naisbitt,Andreas K. Nussler,Peter Olinga,Francesco Pampaloni,Jingbo Pi,Linda J. Pluta,Stefan Przyborski,Anup Ramachandran,Vera Rogiers,Cliff Rowe,Celine Schelcher,Kathrin Schmich,Michael Schwarz,Bijay Singh,Ernst H. K. Stelzer,Bruno Stieger,Regina Stöber,Yuichi Sugiyama,Ciro Tetta,Wolfgang E. Thasler,Tamara Vanhaecke,Mathieu Vinken,Thomas S. Weiss,Agata Widera,Courtney G. Woods,Jinghai James Xu,Kathy Yarborough,Jan G. Hengstler +94 more
TL;DR: This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro and how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell–derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
TL;DR: The complex interplay between microbiota, their metabolites, and the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases is highlighted to highlight the roles of gut microbiota in normal physiology and the potential of modulating intestinal microbial inhabitants as novel therapeutic targets.
OtherDOI
Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling
TL;DR: Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids from the liver to intestine and back to the liver plays a central role in nutrient absorption and distribution, and metabolic regulation and homeostasis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease
TL;DR: The evidence is recounted that atherosclerosis, the main cause of CAD, is an inflammatory disease in which immune mechanisms interact with metabolic risk factors to initiate, propagate, and activate lesions in the arterial tree.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of a Nuclear Receptor for Bile Acids
Makoto Makishima,Arthur Y. Okamoto,Joyce J. Repa,Hua Tu,R. Marc Learned,Alvin Luk,Mitchell V. Hull,Kevin D. Lustig,David J. Mangelsdorf,Bei Shan +9 more
TL;DR: Results presented here show that bile acids are physiological ligands for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), an orphan nuclear receptor, which demonstrates a mechanism by which bile acid transcriptionally regulate their biosynthesis and enterohepatic transport.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria.
TL;DR: The potential exists for altering the bile acid pool by targeting key enzymes in the 7α/β-dehydroxylation pathway through the development of pharmaceuticals or sequestering bile acids biologically in probiotic bacteria, which may result in their effective removal from the host after excretion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bile Acids: Natural Ligands for an Orphan Nuclear Receptor
Derek J. Parks,Steven G. Blanchard,Randy K. Bledsoe,Gyan Chandra,Thomas G. Consler,Steven A. Kliewer,Julie B. Stimmel,Timothy M. Willson,Ann Marie Zavacki,David D. Moore,Jürgen M. Lehmann +10 more
TL;DR: Results provide evidence for a nuclear bile acid signaling pathway that may regulate cholesterol homeostasis and modulated interaction of FXR with a peptide derived from steroid receptor coactivator 1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppression of Reactive Oxygen Species and Neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 Transcriptional Coactivators
Julie St-Pierre,Stavit Drori,Marc Uldry,Jessica M. Silvaggi,James Rhee,Sibylle Jäger,Christoph Handschin,Kangni Zheng,Jiandie D. Lin,Wenli Yang,David Simon,Robert M. Bachoo,Robert M. Bachoo,Bruce M. Spiegelman +13 more
TL;DR: Increase in PGC-1alpha levels dramatically protects neural cells in culture from oxidative-stressor-mediated death, providing a potential target for the therapeutic manipulation of these important endogenous toxins.