Journal ArticleDOI
The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time
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TLDR
In this article, a model of optimal distinctiveness is proposed in which social identity is viewed as a reconciliation of opposing needs for assimilation and differentiation from others, and individuals avoid self-construals that are either too personalized or too inclusive and instead define themselves in terms of distinctive category memberships.Abstract:
Mfost of social psychology's theories of the self fail to take into account the significance of social identification in the definition of self. Social identities are self-definitions that are more inclusive than the individuated self-concept of most American psychology. A model of optimal distinctiveness is proposed in which social identity is viewed as a reconciliation of opposing needs for assimilation and differentiation from others. According to this model, individuals avoid self-construals that are either too personalized or too inclusive and instead define themselves in terms of distinctive category memberships. Social identity and group loyalty are hypothesized to be strongest for those self-categorizations that simultaneously provide for a sense of belonging and a sense of distinctiveness. Results from an initial laboratory experiment support the prediction that depersonalization and group size interact as determinants of the strength of social identification.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
News Selection Patterns as a Function of Race: The Discerning Minority and the Indiscriminating Majority
TL;DR: The authors examined whether white majority and black minority members differ in selecting news stories that featured either individuals of their own group or dissimilar others, and found that Whites showed no preference based on the race of the character featured in the news story.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conceptualizing psychological processes in response to globalization: Components, antecedents, and consequences of global orientations.
Sylvia Xiaohua Chen,Ben C. P. Lam,Bryant P. H. Hui,Jacky C. K. Ng,Winnie W. S. Mak,Yanjun Guan,Emma Ellen Kathrina Buchtel,Willie C. S. Tang,Victor C. Y. Lau +8 more
TL;DR: The present research proposed a construct termed global orientation to denote individual differences in the psychological processes of acculturating to the globalizing world, which encompasses multicultural acquisition as a proactive response and ethnic protection as a defensive response to globalization.
Book ChapterDOI
Group reactions to loyalty and disloyalty.
TL;DR: The authors analyzes how groups respond to loyalty (defined as staying in a group, even though one could obtain a better outcome by leaving, because staying benefits the group) and disloyalty, defined as leaving a group.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Motivating Role of Dissociative Out-Groups in Encouraging Positive Consumer Behaviors
TL;DR: This paper found that when a consumer learns that a dissociative out-group performs comparatively well on a positive behavior, the consumer is more likely to respond with positive intentions and actions when the setting is public (vs. private).
Journal ArticleDOI
The social functions of ingroup bias: Creating, confirming, or changing social reality
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a research program on the determinants of ingroup bias in which they have focused on socio-structural factors (group status and status stability), psychological factors (Group identification and threat), and strategic considerations concerning the audience to which ingroup biases is communicated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
TL;DR: Theories of the self from both psychology and anthropology are integrated to define in detail the difference between a construal of self as independent and a construpal of the Self as interdependent as discussed by the authors, and these divergent construals should have specific consequences for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory.
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-categorization theory is proposed to discover the social group and the importance of social categories in the analysis of social influence, and the Salience of social Categories is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.
Jennifer Crocker,Brenda Major +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, it is proposed that members of stigmatized groups may attribute negative feedback to prejudice against their group, compare their outcomes with those of the ingroup, rather than with the relatively advantaged outgroup, and selectively devalue those dimensions on which their group fares poorly and value those dimensions that their group excels.