Journal ArticleDOI
The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time
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In this article, a model of optimal distinctiveness is proposed in which social identity is viewed as a reconciliation of opposing needs for assimilation and differentiation from others, and individuals avoid self-construals that are either too personalized or too inclusive and instead define themselves in terms of distinctive category memberships.Abstract:
Mfost of social psychology's theories of the self fail to take into account the significance of social identification in the definition of self. Social identities are self-definitions that are more inclusive than the individuated self-concept of most American psychology. A model of optimal distinctiveness is proposed in which social identity is viewed as a reconciliation of opposing needs for assimilation and differentiation from others. According to this model, individuals avoid self-construals that are either too personalized or too inclusive and instead define themselves in terms of distinctive category memberships. Social identity and group loyalty are hypothesized to be strongest for those self-categorizations that simultaneously provide for a sense of belonging and a sense of distinctiveness. Results from an initial laboratory experiment support the prediction that depersonalization and group size interact as determinants of the strength of social identification.read more
Citations
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Impact of witnessing death on hospice patients.
TL;DR: This pilot investigation compared psychological morbidity, perceptions of comfort and/or distress, and descriptions of a "good death" in hospice cancer patients who reported witnessing a fellow patient's death with patients who did not have this experience, and found awareness of dying to be both comforting and distressing, although overall patients reported more comforting than distressing events.
Book ChapterDOI
Family Processes and Identity
Eugenia Scabini,Claudia Manzi +1 more
TL;DR: The concept of family identity has been studied at three levels: the group level, the specific identity of the family as a group; the couple level, since each couple has its own identity and its own set of potentials to be pursued; and the individual subsystem level, which is the component of individual identity that comes from being part of a specific family group.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social identities in the policy process
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce social identity theory and self-categorization theory to policy process research, and develop the theoretical concept of social identities in the policy process (SIPP) and advance the understanding of policy actors' behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Niche diversity can explain cross-cultural differences in personality structure
TL;DR: This work provides a general explanation for population differences in personality structure in both humans and other animals and suggests a substantial reimagining of personality research: instead of reifying statistical descriptions of manifest personality structures, research should focus more on modelling their underlying causes.
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Organizational identity and legitimacy under major environmental changes: tales of two UK building societies
Hongwei He,Yehuda Baruch +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied how organizational identity and organizational legitimacy interplayed within two British building societies during drastic environmental changes over two decades and found that, employing distinct specific strategies, both firms accorded tremendous attention and efforts to OI narration and re-narration in order to regain OL.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
TL;DR: Theories of the self from both psychology and anthropology are integrated to define in detail the difference between a construal of self as independent and a construpal of the Self as interdependent as discussed by the authors, and these divergent construals should have specific consequences for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory.
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-categorization theory is proposed to discover the social group and the importance of social categories in the analysis of social influence, and the Salience of social Categories is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.
Jennifer Crocker,Brenda Major +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, it is proposed that members of stigmatized groups may attribute negative feedback to prejudice against their group, compare their outcomes with those of the ingroup, rather than with the relatively advantaged outgroup, and selectively devalue those dimensions on which their group fares poorly and value those dimensions that their group excels.