Toxicity of Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to selected environmentally relevant test organisms and mammalian cells in vitro: a critical review
Olesja Bondarenko,Katre Juganson,Katre Juganson,Angela Ivask,Kaja Kasemets,Monika Mortimer,Monika Mortimer,Anne Kahru +7 more
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TLDR
The toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.Abstract:
Nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and especially nanosilver are intentionally used to fight the undesirable growth of bacteria, fungi and algae. Release of these NPs from consumer and household products into waste streams and further into the environment may, however, pose threat to the ‘non-target’ organisms, such as natural microbes and aquatic organisms. This review summarizes the recent research on (eco)toxicity of silver (Ag), CuO and ZnO NPs. Organism-wise it focuses on key test species used for the analysis of ecotoxicological hazard. For comparison, the toxic effects of studied NPs toward mammalian cells in vitro were addressed. Altogether 317 L(E)C50 or minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values were obtained for algae, crustaceans, fish, bacteria, yeast, nematodes, protozoa and mammalian cell lines. As a rule, crustaceans, algae and fish proved most sensitive to the studied NPs. The median L(E)C50 values of Ag NPs, CuO NPs and ZnO NPs (mg/L) were 0.01, 2.1 and 2.3 for crustaceans; 0.36, 2.8 and 0.08 for algae; and 1.36, 100 and 3.0 for fish, respectively. Surprisingly, the NPs were less toxic to bacteria than to aquatic organisms: the median MIC values for bacteria were 7.1, 200 and 500 mg/L for Ag, CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively. In comparison, the respective median L(E)C50 values for mammalian cells were 11.3, 25 and 43 mg/L. Thus, the toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.read more
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Environmental Transformations of Silver Nanoparticles: Impact on Stability and Toxicity
Clément Levard,Clément Levard,E. Matt Hotze,E. Matt Hotze,Gregory V. Lowry,Gregory V. Lowry,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown +8 more
TL;DR: This review discusses the major transformation processes of Ag-NPs in various aqueous environments, particularly transformations of the metallic Ag cores caused by reactions with (in)organic ligands, and the effects of such transformations on physical and chemical stability and toxicity.
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Copper nanoparticles and copper ions promote horizontal transfer of plasmid-mediated multi-antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera.
TL;DR: In conclusion, this study reports both CuO NPs and copper ions (Cu2+) could stimulate the conjugative transfer of multiple-drug resistance genes and suggests the over-production of reactive oxygen species played a crucial role in promoting conjugatives transfer.
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Understanding Nanoparticle Toxicity Mechanisms To Inform Redesign Strategies To Reduce Environmental Impact.
TL;DR: Understanding the mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity will inform efforts to redesign nanoparticles with reduced environmental impact, and what changes can be made to the nanomaterial without impacting its ability to perform in its intended application.
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Reactive oxygen species generation by copper(II) oxide nanoparticles determined by DNA damage assays and EPR spectroscopy
Carlos Angelé-Martínez,KhanhVan T. Nguyen,Fathima S. Ameer,Jeffrey N. Anker,Julia L. Brumaghim +4 more
TL;DR: Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (NPCuO) generate significantly more ROS and DNA damage in the presence of ascorbate than can be explained simply from dissolved copper, and the NPCuO surface must play a large role.
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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle as a Novel Class of Antifungal Agents: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.
Qi Sun,Jianmei Li,Tao Le +2 more
TL;DR: The discussions addressed in this Review not only have theoretical significance but also are conducive to the development of food safety, nutrition, and human health.
References
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TL;DR: The results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of approximately 1-10 nm.
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A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment
TL;DR: A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials, including proposed antibacterial mechanisms and possible toxicity to higher organisms, is presented in this paper, where the authors suggest that further research is warranted given the already widespread and rapidly growing use of silver nanoparticles.
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Silver Colloid Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Antibacterial Activity
Aleš Panáček,Libor Kvítek,Robert Prucek,Milan Kolar,Renata Vecerova,N. Pizúrová,Virender K. Sharma,Tat’jana Nevečná,Radek Zboril +8 more
TL;DR: The reduction of [Ag(NH(3))(2)](+) by maltose produced silver particles with a narrow size distribution with an average size of 25 nm, which showed high antimicrobial and bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including highly multiresistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Silver as Antibacterial Agent: Ion, Nanoparticle, and Metal
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed, however, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited.