Toxicity of Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to selected environmentally relevant test organisms and mammalian cells in vitro: a critical review
Olesja Bondarenko,Katre Juganson,Katre Juganson,Angela Ivask,Kaja Kasemets,Monika Mortimer,Monika Mortimer,Anne Kahru +7 more
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TLDR
The toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.Abstract:
Nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and especially nanosilver are intentionally used to fight the undesirable growth of bacteria, fungi and algae. Release of these NPs from consumer and household products into waste streams and further into the environment may, however, pose threat to the ‘non-target’ organisms, such as natural microbes and aquatic organisms. This review summarizes the recent research on (eco)toxicity of silver (Ag), CuO and ZnO NPs. Organism-wise it focuses on key test species used for the analysis of ecotoxicological hazard. For comparison, the toxic effects of studied NPs toward mammalian cells in vitro were addressed. Altogether 317 L(E)C50 or minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values were obtained for algae, crustaceans, fish, bacteria, yeast, nematodes, protozoa and mammalian cell lines. As a rule, crustaceans, algae and fish proved most sensitive to the studied NPs. The median L(E)C50 values of Ag NPs, CuO NPs and ZnO NPs (mg/L) were 0.01, 2.1 and 2.3 for crustaceans; 0.36, 2.8 and 0.08 for algae; and 1.36, 100 and 3.0 for fish, respectively. Surprisingly, the NPs were less toxic to bacteria than to aquatic organisms: the median MIC values for bacteria were 7.1, 200 and 500 mg/L for Ag, CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively. In comparison, the respective median L(E)C50 values for mammalian cells were 11.3, 25 and 43 mg/L. Thus, the toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.read more
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Hydrogen sulfide regulates the activity of antioxidant enzymes through persulfidation and improves the resistance of tomato seedling to Copper Oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs)-induced oxidative stress
TL;DR: It is shown that H2S-mediated persulfidation of antioxidase is essential for an effective stress response of tomato exposed to CuO NPs, and posttranslationally regulates the activities of CAT, APX and POD, thereby enhancing the plant's response to oxidative stress.
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Green and cost-effective synthesis of copper nanoparticles by extracts of non-edible and waste plant materials from Vaccinium species: Characterization and antimicrobial activity.
Emilia Benassai,Massimo Del Bubba,Claudia Ancillotti,Ilaria Colzi,Cristina Gonnelli,Nicola Calisi,Maria Cristina Salvatici,Enrico Casalone,Sandra Ristori +8 more
TL;DR: Cu-NPs from the green synthesis here proposed can be considered as a cost-effective sanitization tool with a wide spectrum of action.
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Review: Issues of Silver Nanoparticles in Engineered Environmental Treatment Systems
TL;DR: This review conveys basic knowledge of AgNPs including synthesis techniques, fate, contamination and toxicity mechanism, and emphasizes on the influence ofAgNPs on the wastewater treatment and environmental remediation system performances.
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Analysis of metallic and metal oxide nanomaterial environmental emissions.
TL;DR: The evidence suggests that emitted nanoparticles into the air cover a wide range of concentrations below and above the allowable occupational exposure limits and the concentrations of nanoparticles in water systems are considered in the toxic to very toxic range for a variety of biological species.
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Particulate and colloidal silver in sewage effluent and sludge discharged from British wastewater treatment plants.
TL;DR: There was no significant difference in performance between the different types of STP investigated and predicted concentrations using the LF2000-WQX model for nanosilver were typically in the 0-1 ng L(-1) range but levels up to 4 ng L (-1) are possible in a high discharge and low flow scenario.
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Jose Ruben Morones,Jose Luis Elechiguerra,A. Camacho,Katherine B. Holt,Juan B. Kouri,Jose Tapia Ramirez,Miguel Jose Yacaman +6 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of approximately 1-10 nm.
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A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment
TL;DR: A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials, including proposed antibacterial mechanisms and possible toxicity to higher organisms, is presented in this paper, where the authors suggest that further research is warranted given the already widespread and rapidly growing use of silver nanoparticles.
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Silver Colloid Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Antibacterial Activity
Aleš Panáček,Libor Kvítek,Robert Prucek,Milan Kolar,Renata Vecerova,N. Pizúrová,Virender K. Sharma,Tat’jana Nevečná,Radek Zboril +8 more
TL;DR: The reduction of [Ag(NH(3))(2)](+) by maltose produced silver particles with a narrow size distribution with an average size of 25 nm, which showed high antimicrobial and bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including highly multiresistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Silver as Antibacterial Agent: Ion, Nanoparticle, and Metal
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed, however, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited.