Toxicity of Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to selected environmentally relevant test organisms and mammalian cells in vitro: a critical review
Olesja Bondarenko,Katre Juganson,Katre Juganson,Angela Ivask,Kaja Kasemets,Monika Mortimer,Monika Mortimer,Anne Kahru +7 more
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TLDR
The toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.Abstract:
Nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and especially nanosilver are intentionally used to fight the undesirable growth of bacteria, fungi and algae. Release of these NPs from consumer and household products into waste streams and further into the environment may, however, pose threat to the ‘non-target’ organisms, such as natural microbes and aquatic organisms. This review summarizes the recent research on (eco)toxicity of silver (Ag), CuO and ZnO NPs. Organism-wise it focuses on key test species used for the analysis of ecotoxicological hazard. For comparison, the toxic effects of studied NPs toward mammalian cells in vitro were addressed. Altogether 317 L(E)C50 or minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values were obtained for algae, crustaceans, fish, bacteria, yeast, nematodes, protozoa and mammalian cell lines. As a rule, crustaceans, algae and fish proved most sensitive to the studied NPs. The median L(E)C50 values of Ag NPs, CuO NPs and ZnO NPs (mg/L) were 0.01, 2.1 and 2.3 for crustaceans; 0.36, 2.8 and 0.08 for algae; and 1.36, 100 and 3.0 for fish, respectively. Surprisingly, the NPs were less toxic to bacteria than to aquatic organisms: the median MIC values for bacteria were 7.1, 200 and 500 mg/L for Ag, CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively. In comparison, the respective median L(E)C50 values for mammalian cells were 11.3, 25 and 43 mg/L. Thus, the toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.read more
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Core-shell silver nanoparticles in endodontic disinfection solutions enable long-term antimicrobial effect on oral biofilms
Elif Ertem,B. Gutt,Flavia Zuber,Sergio Allegri,Benjamin Le Ouay,Selma Mefti,Kitty Formentin,Francesco Stellacci,Qun Ren +8 more
TL;DR: Irrigation solutions containing AgNP@SiO2 may be highly promising for applications needing a long-term antimicrobial effect and showed lower cytotoxicity toward human gingival fibroblasts compared to the conventionally used solution.
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Toxicity Evaluation of a New Zn-Doped CuO Nanocomposite With Highly Effective Antibacterial Properties
Paride Mantecca,Elisa Moschini,Patrizia Bonfanti,Umberto Fascio,Ilana Perelshtein,Anat Lipovsky,Giuseppe Chirico,Renato Bacchetta,Luca Del Giacco,Anita Colombo,Aharon Gedanken +10 more
TL;DR: It is affirm that the doping of the metal oxide nanoparticles should be considered a useful tool to engineer a safer nano-antibacterial.
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Developing species sensitivity distributions for metallic nanomaterials considering the characteristics of nanomaterials, experimental conditions, and different types of endpoints.
TL;DR: It was found that PVP- and sodium citrate- coatings enhance the toxicity of Ag ENMs as concluded from the relevant SSDs, and crustaceans were found to be the most vulnerable group to metallic ENMs.
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Antimicrobial activity of flame-synthesized nano-TiO2 coatings
G. De Falco,Amalia Porta,Anna Maria Petrone,P. Del Gaudio,A. El Hassanin,Mario Commodo,Patrizia Minutolo,Antonino Squillace,Andrea D’Anna +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, thin coatings of nano-TiO2 nanoparticles on aluminum substrates were evaluated by the colorimetric crystal violet method and quantified by spectrophotometry in four different fungi and bacteria strains; the results were corroborated by scanning electron microscopy analysis.
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Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper-zinc alloy nanoparticles in human lung epithelial cells.
TL;DR: Analysis of micronucleus, comet and γ-H2AX foci counts showed that exposure to Cu-Zn ANPs significantly induced chromosomal damage as well as single and double stranded DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells.
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