Toxicity of Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to selected environmentally relevant test organisms and mammalian cells in vitro: a critical review
Olesja Bondarenko,Katre Juganson,Katre Juganson,Angela Ivask,Kaja Kasemets,Monika Mortimer,Monika Mortimer,Anne Kahru +7 more
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TLDR
The toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.Abstract:
Nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and especially nanosilver are intentionally used to fight the undesirable growth of bacteria, fungi and algae. Release of these NPs from consumer and household products into waste streams and further into the environment may, however, pose threat to the ‘non-target’ organisms, such as natural microbes and aquatic organisms. This review summarizes the recent research on (eco)toxicity of silver (Ag), CuO and ZnO NPs. Organism-wise it focuses on key test species used for the analysis of ecotoxicological hazard. For comparison, the toxic effects of studied NPs toward mammalian cells in vitro were addressed. Altogether 317 L(E)C50 or minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values were obtained for algae, crustaceans, fish, bacteria, yeast, nematodes, protozoa and mammalian cell lines. As a rule, crustaceans, algae and fish proved most sensitive to the studied NPs. The median L(E)C50 values of Ag NPs, CuO NPs and ZnO NPs (mg/L) were 0.01, 2.1 and 2.3 for crustaceans; 0.36, 2.8 and 0.08 for algae; and 1.36, 100 and 3.0 for fish, respectively. Surprisingly, the NPs were less toxic to bacteria than to aquatic organisms: the median MIC values for bacteria were 7.1, 200 and 500 mg/L for Ag, CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively. In comparison, the respective median L(E)C50 values for mammalian cells were 11.3, 25 and 43 mg/L. Thus, the toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neuro-biochemical changes induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Mohamed A. Dkhil,Mohamed A. Dkhil,Marwa S.M. Diab,Hossam M.A. Aljawdah,Mutee Murshed,Taghreed A. Hafiz,Saleh Al-Quraishy,Amira A. Bauomy +7 more
TL;DR: Results revealed that ZnNPs affected the brain levels of investigated monamines, ions, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants thus they may have potential influence on central nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metallic Engineered Nanomaterials and Ocular Toxicity: A Current Perspective
K. Cosert,Soohyun Kim,Iman Jalilian,Maggie W. Chang,Brooke L. Gates,Kent E. Pinkerton,Laura S. Van Winkle,Vijay Krishna Raghunathan,Brian C. Leonard,Sara M Thomasy +9 more
TL;DR: The ocular surface, comprised of the transparent cornea, conjunctiva, and protective tear film, forms a protective barrier defending deeper structures of the eye from particulate matter and mechanical trauma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurotoxicity of four frequently used nanoparticles: a systematic review to reveal the missing data
TL;DR: A relatively good correlation was observed between in vitro and in vivo effects, including genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory effects, however, crucial knowledge gap exists in current understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce DNA Damage in Sand Dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis Sperm
TL;DR: The effects of ZnO NPs and zinc ions on the sperm of sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis were compared and a different pattern was shown by the increase in DNA damage, with increasing concentration of pollutants, in different experimental groups.
Book ChapterDOI
Ecotoxicological risk of NanoMaterials
TL;DR: There is a great need for developing techniques that are readily implementable in a standard laboratory and at the same time is robust in order to better understand chronic and delayed ENM effects.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Silver as Antibacterial Agent: Ion, Nanoparticle, and Metal
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed, however, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited.