Toxicity of Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to selected environmentally relevant test organisms and mammalian cells in vitro: a critical review
Olesja Bondarenko,Katre Juganson,Katre Juganson,Angela Ivask,Kaja Kasemets,Monika Mortimer,Monika Mortimer,Anne Kahru +7 more
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TLDR
The toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.Abstract:
Nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and especially nanosilver are intentionally used to fight the undesirable growth of bacteria, fungi and algae. Release of these NPs from consumer and household products into waste streams and further into the environment may, however, pose threat to the ‘non-target’ organisms, such as natural microbes and aquatic organisms. This review summarizes the recent research on (eco)toxicity of silver (Ag), CuO and ZnO NPs. Organism-wise it focuses on key test species used for the analysis of ecotoxicological hazard. For comparison, the toxic effects of studied NPs toward mammalian cells in vitro were addressed. Altogether 317 L(E)C50 or minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values were obtained for algae, crustaceans, fish, bacteria, yeast, nematodes, protozoa and mammalian cell lines. As a rule, crustaceans, algae and fish proved most sensitive to the studied NPs. The median L(E)C50 values of Ag NPs, CuO NPs and ZnO NPs (mg/L) were 0.01, 2.1 and 2.3 for crustaceans; 0.36, 2.8 and 0.08 for algae; and 1.36, 100 and 3.0 for fish, respectively. Surprisingly, the NPs were less toxic to bacteria than to aquatic organisms: the median MIC values for bacteria were 7.1, 200 and 500 mg/L for Ag, CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively. In comparison, the respective median L(E)C50 values for mammalian cells were 11.3, 25 and 43 mg/L. Thus, the toxic range of all the three metal-containing NPs to target- and non-target organisms overlaps, indicating that the leaching of biocidal NPs from consumer products should be addressed.read more
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Protection of 18th century paper using antimicrobial nano-magnesium oxide
Isabel Franco Castillo,Laura De Matteis,Clara Marquina,Clara Marquina,Esther García Guillén,Jesús M. de la Fuente,Scott G. Mitchell +6 more
TL;DR: Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have attracted considerable interest as antimicrobial agents in a wide variety of applications as mentioned in this paper, but remain non-toxic to eukaryotic cells.
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Recent advances on sputtered films with Cu in ppm concentrations leading to an acceleration of the bacterial inactivation
Sami Rtimi,John Kiwi +1 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on the acceleration of the bactericidal and fungicidal effects by uniform, adhesive Cu-based nanocomposites on textile and thin polymer surfaces.
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Harmful effect of nanoparticles on the functions of freshwater ecosystems: Insight into nanoZnO-polluted stream.
TL;DR: In conclusion, fungal decomposers showed different responses to the different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticle, and ultimately affected the stability of ecosystem functions.
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Interplay between engineered nanomaterials and microbiota
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A Review on Silver Nanoparticles -green Synthesis, Antimicrobial Action and Application in Textiles
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A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment
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Silver as Antibacterial Agent: Ion, Nanoparticle, and Metal
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