Institution
Macquarie University
Education•Sydney, New South Wales, Australia•
About: Macquarie University is a education organization based out in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 14075 authors who have published 47673 publications receiving 1416184 citations. The organization is also known as: Macquarie uni.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Laser, Galaxy, Anxiety
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: All research carried out on the mental health status of health care workers (HCWs) to bring policymakers and managers’ attention is reviewed to recommend the supportive, encouragement & motivational, protective, and training & educational interventions.
Abstract: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is widely spreading all over the world, causing mental health problems for most people. The medical staff is also under considerable psychological pressure. This study aimed to review all research carried out on the mental health status of health care workers (HCWs) to bring policymakers and managers’ attention. A literature search conducted through e-databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) from December 2019 up to April 12th 2020. All cross- sectional studies published in English which assessed the health workers’ psychological well-being during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic included. Study quality was analyzed using NHLBI Study Quality assessment tools. One hundred relevant articles were identified through systematic search; of which eleven studies were eligible for this review. Their quality score was acceptable. The lowest reported prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among HCWs was 24.1%, 12.1%, and 29.8%, respectively. In addition, the highest reported values for the aforementioned parameters were 67.55%, 55.89%, and 62.99%, respectively. Nurses, female workers, front-line health care workers, younger medical staff, and workers in areas with higher infection rates reported more severe degrees of all psychological symptoms than other health care workers. Moreover, vicarious traumatization in non-front-line nurses and the general public was higher than that of the front-line nurses. During SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the health care workers face aggravated psychological pressure and even mental illness. It would be recommended to the policymakers and managers to adopt the supportive, encouragement & motivational, protective, and training & educational interventions, especially through information and communication platform.
364 citations
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TL;DR: The sensitivity of ecosystem respiration to seasonal changes in temperature is remarkably similar for diverse environments encompassing lakes, rivers, estuaries, the open ocean and forested and non-forested terrestrial ecosystems, with an average activation energy similar to that of the respiratory complex.
Abstract: Ecosystem respiration is the biotic conversion of organic carbon to carbon dioxide by all of the organisms in an ecosystem, including both consumers and primary producers. Respiration exhibits an exponential temperature dependence at the subcellular and individual levels, but at the ecosystem level respiration can be modified by many variables including community abundance and biomass, which vary substantially among ecosystems. Despite its importance for predicting the responses of the biosphere to climate change, it is as yet unknown whether the temperature dependence of ecosystem respiration varies systematically between aquatic and terrestrial environments. Here we use the largest database of respiratory measurements yet compiled to show that the sensitivity of ecosystem respiration to seasonal changes in temperature is remarkably similar for diverse environments encompassing lakes, rivers, estuaries, the open ocean and forested and non-forested terrestrial ecosystems, with an average activation energy similar to that of the respiratory complex (approximately 0.65 electronvolts (eV)). By contrast, annual ecosystem respiration shows a substantially greater temperature dependence across aquatic (approximately 0.65 eV) versus terrestrial ecosystems (approximately 0.32 eV) that span broad geographic gradients in temperature. Using a model derived from metabolic theory, these findings can be reconciled by similarities in the biochemical kinetics of metabolism at the subcellular level, and fundamental differences in the importance of other variables besides temperature—such as primary productivity and allochthonous carbon inputs—on the structure of aquatic and terrestrial biota at the community level.
364 citations
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James Cook University1, Dalhousie University2, Australian Institute of Marine Science3, Lancaster University4, Wildlife Conservation Society5, University of Queensland6, Macquarie University7, University of Montpellier8, Conservation International9, Stanford University10, University of Hawaii at Manoa11, University of Washington12, Institut de recherche pour le développement13, University of Nottingham14, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration15, University of Perpignan16, University of New Caledonia17, University of Tasmania18, University of California, San Diego19, The Nature Conservancy20, University of Western Australia21, University of California, Santa Barbara22, University of Puerto Rico23, University of Technology, Sydney24, Blue Ventures25, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology26, University of British Columbia27
TL;DR: This paper identified 15 bright spots and 35 dark spots among more than 2,500 reefs worldwide and developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to generate expectations of how standing stocks of reef fish biomass are related to 18 socioeconomic drivers and environmental conditions.
Abstract: Ongoing declines in the structure and function of the world’s coral reefs require novel approaches to sustain these ecosystems and the millions of people who depend on them3. A presently unexplored approach that draws on theory and practice in human health and rural development is to systematically identify and learn from the ‘outliers’—places where ecosystems are substantially better (‘bright spots’) or worse (‘dark spots’) than expected, given the environmental conditions and socioeconomic drivers they are exposed to. Here we compile data from more than 2,500 reefs worldwide and develop a Bayesian hierarchical model to generate expectations of how standing stocks of reef fish biomass are related to 18 socioeconomic drivers and environmental conditions. We identify 15 bright spots and 35 dark spots among our global survey of coral reefs, defined as sites that have biomass levels more than two standard deviations from expectations. Importantly, bright spots are not simply comprised of remote areas with low fishing pressure; they include localities where human populations and use of ecosystem resources is high, potentially providing insights into how communities have successfully confronted strong drivers of change. Conversely, dark spots are not necessarily the sites with the lowest absolute biomass and even include some remote, uninhabited locations often considered near pristine6. We surveyed local experts about social, institutional, and environmental conditions at these sites to reveal that bright spots are characterized by strong sociocultural institutions such as customary taboos and marine tenure, high levels of local engagement in management, high dependence on marine resources, and beneficial environmental conditions such as deep-water refuges. Alternatively, dark spots are characterized by intensive capture and storage technology and a recent history of environmental shocks. Our results suggest that investments in strengthening fisheries governance, particularly aspects such as participation and property rights, could facilitate innovative conservation actions that help communities defy expectations of global reef degradation.
363 citations
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363 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the stresses on coastal plants and plant adaptations imposed in the coastal dune environment and found that the level of these stresses is highest in the beach-foredune environment, and generally decreases with distance from the coast.
363 citations
Authors
Showing all 14346 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |
Peter B. Reich | 159 | 790 | 110377 |
Nicholas J. Talley | 158 | 1571 | 90197 |
John R. Hodges | 149 | 812 | 82709 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
Andrew G. Clark | 140 | 823 | 123333 |
Joss Bland-Hawthorn | 136 | 1114 | 77593 |
John F. Thompson | 132 | 1420 | 95894 |
Xin Wang | 121 | 1503 | 64930 |
William L. Griffin | 117 | 862 | 61494 |
Richard Shine | 115 | 1096 | 56544 |
Ian T. Paulsen | 112 | 354 | 69460 |
Jianjun Liu | 112 | 1040 | 71032 |
Douglas R. MacFarlane | 110 | 864 | 54236 |
Richard A. Bryant | 109 | 769 | 43971 |