Institution
Macquarie University
Education•Sydney, New South Wales, Australia•
About: Macquarie University is a education organization based out in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 14075 authors who have published 47673 publications receiving 1416184 citations. The organization is also known as: Macquarie uni.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Laser, Galaxy, Anxiety
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
University of Grenoble1, Macquarie University2, University of Cambridge3, Australian National University4, Royal Botanic Gardens5, University of Waikato6, Wageningen University and Research Centre7, University of Regina8, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute9, Tohoku University10, Institut national de la recherche agronomique11, Florida International University12, University of Toronto13, VU University Amsterdam14, University of Freiburg15, Max Planck Society16, Kyoto University17, Spanish National Research Council18, Forschungszentrum Jülich19, Columbia University20, Landcare Research21, University of Alcalá22, University of Stirling23, National Dong Hwa University24, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences25, University of Maryland, College Park26, University of Puerto Rico27, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras28
TL;DR: Traits generate trade-offs between performance with competition versus performance without competition, a fundamental ingredient in the classical hypothesis that the coexistence of plant species is enabled via differentiation in their successional strategies.
Abstract: Phenotypic traits and their associated trade-offs have been shown to have globally consistent effects on individual plant physiological functions, but how these effects scale up to influence competition, a key driver of community assembly in terrestrial vegetation, has remained unclear. Here we use growth data from more than 3 million trees in over 140,000 plots across the world to show how three key functional traits--wood density, specific leaf area and maximum height--consistently influence competitive interactions. Fast maximum growth of a species was correlated negatively with its wood density in all biomes, and positively with its specific leaf area in most biomes. Low wood density was also correlated with a low ability to tolerate competition and a low competitive effect on neighbours, while high specific leaf area was correlated with a low competitive effect. Thus, traits generate trade-offs between performance with competition versus performance without competition, a fundamental ingredient in the classical hypothesis that the coexistence of plant species is enabled via differentiation in their successional strategies. Competition within species was stronger than between species, but an increase in trait dissimilarity between species had little influence in weakening competition. No benefit of dissimilarity was detected for specific leaf area or wood density, and only a weak benefit for maximum height. Our trait-based approach to modelling competition makes generalization possible across the forest ecosystems of the world and their highly diverse species composition.
618 citations
••
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute1, Washington University in St. Louis2, University of Washington3, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology4, United States Department of Energy5, J. Craig Venter Institute6, University of Miami7, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University8, Stanford University9, University of Provence10, University of Arizona11, University of Oslo12, Australian National University13, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research14, University of Iowa15, University of Perpignan16, Macquarie University17, University of Montpellier18, Erasmus University Rotterdam19
TL;DR: It is found that genomes from two isolates shared only 90% of their predicted genes, and divergence appears to have been facilitated by selection and acquisition processes that actively shape the repertoire of genes that are mutually exclusive between the two isolate differently than the core genes.
Abstract: Picoeukaryotes are a taxonomically diverse group of organisms less than 2 micrometers in diameter. Photosynthetic marine picoeukaryotes in the genus Micromonas thrive in ecosystems ranging from tropical to polar and could serve as sentinel organisms for biogeochemical fluxes of modern oceans during climate change. These broadly distributed primary producers belong to an anciently diverged sister clade to land plants. Although Micromonas isolates have high 18S ribosomal RNA gene identity, we found that genomes from two isolates shared only 90% of their predicted genes. Their independent evolutionary paths were emphasized by distinct riboswitch arrangements as well as the discovery of intronic repeat elements in one isolate, and in metagenomic data, but not in other genomes. Divergence appears to have been facilitated by selection and acquisition processes that actively shape the repertoire of genes that are mutually exclusive between the two isolates differently than the core genes. Analyses of the Micromonas genomes offer valuable insights into ecological differentiation and the dynamic nature of early plant evolution.
617 citations
••
TL;DR: The coupled climate models used in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are evaluated in this paper, focusing on 12 regions of Australia for the daily simulation of precipitation, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature.
Abstract: The coupled climate models used in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are evaluated The evaluation is focused on 12 regions of Australia for the daily simulation of precipitation, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature The evaluation is based on probability density functions and a simple quantitative measure of how well each climate model can capture the observed probability density functions for each variable and each region is introduced Across all three variables, the coupled climate models perform better than expected Precipitation is simulated reasonably by most and very well by a small number of models, although the problem with excessive drizzle is apparent in most models Averaged over Australia, 3 of the 14 climate models capture more than 80% of the observed probability density functions for precipitation Minimum temperature is simulated well, with 10 of the 13 climate models capturing more than 80% of the observed probability densit
614 citations
••
01 Oct 1998TL;DR: Ownership types form a static type system that indicates object ownership, which provides a flexible mechanism to limit the visibility of object references and restrict access paths to objects, thus controlling a system's dynamic topology.
Abstract: Object-oriented programming languages allow inter-object aliasing. Although necessary to construct linked data structures and networks of interacting objects, aliasing is problematic in that an aggregate object's state can change via an alias to one of its components, without the aggregate being aware of any aliasing.Ownership types form a static type system that indicates object ownership. This provides a flexible mechanism to limit the visibility of object references and restrict access paths to objects, thus controlling a system's dynamic topology. The type system is shown to be sound, and the specific aliasing properties that a system's object graph satisfies are formulated and proven invariant for well-typed programs.
606 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, game-theoretic models were used to predict coexistence of a mix of height strategies, a conspicuous feature of most vegetation, but only one of the 14 game theoretic models for height was able to account for observed mixtures of different height strategies.
Abstract: In plants, investment in height improves access to light, but incurs costs in construction and maintenance of the stem. Because the benefits of plant height depend on which other height strategies are present, competition for light can usefully be framed as a game-theoretic problem. The vertical structure of the world's vegetation, which is inefficient for plant growth, can then be understood as the outcome of evolutionary and ecological arms races. In addition, game-theoretic models predict taller vegetation on sites of higher leaf area index, and allocation to reproduction only after an initial period of height growth. However, of 14 game-theoretic models for height reviewed here, only one predicts coexistence of a mix of height strategies, a conspicuous feature of most vegetation. We suggest that game-theoretic models could help account for observed mixtures of height strategies if they incorporated processes for coexistence along spectra of light income and time since disturbance.
606 citations
Authors
Showing all 14346 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |
Peter B. Reich | 159 | 790 | 110377 |
Nicholas J. Talley | 158 | 1571 | 90197 |
John R. Hodges | 149 | 812 | 82709 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
Andrew G. Clark | 140 | 823 | 123333 |
Joss Bland-Hawthorn | 136 | 1114 | 77593 |
John F. Thompson | 132 | 1420 | 95894 |
Xin Wang | 121 | 1503 | 64930 |
William L. Griffin | 117 | 862 | 61494 |
Richard Shine | 115 | 1096 | 56544 |
Ian T. Paulsen | 112 | 354 | 69460 |
Jianjun Liu | 112 | 1040 | 71032 |
Douglas R. MacFarlane | 110 | 864 | 54236 |
Richard A. Bryant | 109 | 769 | 43971 |