Institution
Spanish National Research Council
Government•Madrid, Spain•
About: Spanish National Research Council is a government organization based out in Madrid, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 79563 authors who have published 220470 publications receiving 7698991 citations. The organization is also known as: CSIC & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Catalysis, Stars, Gene
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that nestedness reduces effective interspecific competition and enhances the number of coexisting species, and that a nested network will naturally emerge if new species are more likely to enter the community where they have minimal competitive load.
Abstract: The main theories of biodiversity either neglect species interactions or assume that species interact randomly with each other. However, recent empirical work has revealed that ecological networks are highly structured, and the lack of a theory that takes into account the structure of interactions precludes further assessment of the implications of such network patterns for biodiversity. Here we use a combination of analytical and empirical approaches to quantify the influence of network architecture on the number of coexisting species. As a case study we consider mutualistic networks between plants and their animal pollinators or seed dispersers. These networks have been found to be highly nested, with the more specialist species interacting only with proper subsets of the species that interact with the more generalist. We show that nestedness reduces effective interspecific competition and enhances the number of coexisting species. Furthermore, we show that a nested network will naturally emerge if new species are more likely to enter the community where they have minimal competitive load. Nested networks seem to occur in many biological and social contexts, suggesting that our results are relevant in a wide range of fields.
959 citations
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TL;DR: The persistence of AHN during both physiological and pathological aging in humans is demonstrated and evidence for impaired neurogenesis as a potentially relevant mechanism underlying memory deficits in AD that might be amenable to novel therapeutic strategies is provided.
Abstract: The hippocampus is one of the most affected areas in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)1. Moreover, this structure hosts one of the most unique phenomena of the adult mammalian brain, namely, the addition of new neurons throughout life2. This process, called adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), confers an unparalleled degree of plasticity to the entire hippocampal circuitry3,4. Nonetheless, direct evidence of AHN in humans has remained elusive. Thus, determining whether new neurons are continuously incorporated into the human dentate gyrus (DG) during physiological and pathological aging is a crucial question with outstanding therapeutic potential. By combining human brain samples obtained under tightly controlled conditions and state-of-the-art tissue processing methods, we identified thousands of immature neurons in the DG of neurologically healthy human subjects up to the ninth decade of life. These neurons exhibited variable degrees of maturation along differentiation stages of AHN. In sharp contrast, the number and maturation of these neurons progressively declined as AD advanced. These results demonstrate the persistence of AHN during both physiological and pathological aging in humans and provide evidence for impaired neurogenesis as a potentially relevant mechanism underlying memory deficits in AD that might be amenable to novel therapeutic strategies. Newborn neurons are continuously incorporated into the healthy adult human hippocampus up to the ninth decade of life. However, robust adult hippocampal neurogenesis sharply declines during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
959 citations
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TL;DR: This work shows that films of La (0.1)Bi(0.9)MnO(3) (LBMO) are ferromagnetic and ferroelectric, and retain both ferroic properties down to a thickness of 2 nm, and represents an advance over the original four-state memory concept based on multiferroics.
Abstract: Multiferroics are singular materials that can exhibit simultaneously electric and magnetic orders. Some are ferroelectric and ferromagnetic and provide the opportunity to encode information in electric polarization and magnetization to obtain four logic states. However, such materials are rare and schemes allowing a simple electrical readout of these states have not been demonstrated in the same device. Here, we show that films of La0.1Bi0.9MnO3 (LBMO) are ferromagnetic and ferroelectric, and retain both ferroic properties down to a thickness of 2 nm. We have integrated such ultrathin multiferroic films as barriers in spin-filter-type tunnel junctions that exploit the magnetic and ferroelectric degrees of freedom of LBMO. Whereas ferromagnetism permits read operations reminiscent of magnetic random access memories (MRAM), the electrical switching evokes a ferroelectric RAM write operation. Significantly, our device does not require the destructive ferroelectric readout, and therefore represents an advance over the original four-state memory concept based on multiferroics.
958 citations
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TL;DR: Interspecific killing among mammalian carnivores is common in nature and accounts for up to 68% of known mortalities in some species, and may have important implications for conservation and management of carnivores and their prey.
Abstract: Interspecific killing among mammalian carnivores is common in nature and accounts for up to 68% of known mortalities in some species. Interactions may be symmetrical (both species kill each other) or asymmetrical (one species kills the other), and in some interactions adults of one species kill young but not adults of the other. There is a positive significant relationship between the body masses of solitary killer species and body masses of their victim species, and grouping species kill larger victims than solitary species. Interactions and consumption of the victim appear more common when food is scarce or disputed. In response to killers, victim species may alter their use of space, activity patterns, and form groups. Consequences of interspecific killing include population reduction or even extinction, and reduction and enhancement of prey populations, and may therefore have important implications for conservation and management of carnivores and their prey.
958 citations
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Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research1, Tokyo Institute of Technology2, ETH Zurich3, RMIT University4, Monash University5, United Nations Environment Programme6, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis7, VU University Amsterdam8, University of Reading9, Carnegie Institution for Science10, University of Colorado Boulder11, Munich Re12, Spanish National Research Council13, University of Tsukuba14, National Institute for Environmental Studies15
TL;DR: In this article, a holistic perspective on changing rainfall-driven flood risk is provided for the late 20th and early 21st centuries, which includes an assessment of changes in flood risk in seven of the regions considered in the recent IPCC SREX report.
Abstract: A holistic perspective on changing rainfall-driven flood risk is provided for the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Economic losses from floods have greatly increased, principally driven by the expanding exposure of assets at risk. It has not been possible to attribute rain-generated peak streamflow trends to anthropogenic climate change over the past several decades. Projected increases in the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall, based on climate models, should contribute to increases in precipitation-generated local flooding (e.g. flash flooding and urban flooding). This article assesses the literature included in the IPCC SREX report and new literature published since, and includes an assessment of changes in flood risk in seven of the regions considered in the recent IPCC SREX report—Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Europe, North America, Oceania and Polar regions. Also considering newer publications, this article is consistent with the recent IPCC SREX assessment finding that ...
957 citations
Authors
Showing all 79686 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Guido Kroemer | 236 | 1404 | 246571 |
George Efstathiou | 187 | 637 | 156228 |
Peidong Yang | 183 | 562 | 144351 |
H. S. Chen | 179 | 2401 | 178529 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Andrea Bocci | 172 | 2402 | 176461 |
Adrian L. Harris | 170 | 1084 | 120365 |
Gang Chen | 167 | 3372 | 149819 |
Gregory J. Hannon | 165 | 421 | 140456 |
Alvaro Pascual-Leone | 165 | 969 | 98251 |
Jorge E. Cortes | 163 | 2784 | 124154 |
Dongyuan Zhao | 160 | 872 | 106451 |
John B. Goodenough | 151 | 1064 | 113741 |
David D'Enterria | 150 | 1592 | 116210 |
A. Gomes | 150 | 1862 | 113951 |