Institution
Tulane University
Education•New Orleans, Louisiana, United States•
About: Tulane University is a education organization based out in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Blood pressure. The organization has 24478 authors who have published 47205 publications receiving 1944993 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Louisiana.
Topics: Population, Blood pressure, Receptor, Poison control, Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A single MODS culture of a sputum sample offers more rapid and sensitive detection of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis than the existing gold-standard methods used.
Abstract: In an operational setting in Peru, we investigated the performance of the MODS assay for culture and drug-susceptibility testing in three target groups: unselected patients with suspected tuberculosis, prescreened patients at high risk for tuberculosis or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and unselected hospitalized patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We compared the MODS assay head-tohead with two reference methods: automated mycobacterial culture and culture on Lowenstein–Jensen medium with the proportion method. Results Of 3760 sputum samples, 401 (10.7%) yielded cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sensitivity of detection was 97.8% for MODS culture, 89.0% for automated mycobacterial culture, and 84.0% for Lowenstein–Jensen culture (P<0.001); the median time to culture positivity was 7 days, 13 days, and 26 days, respectively (P<0.001), and the median time to the results of susceptibility tests was 7 days, 22 days, and 68 days, respectively. The incremental benefit of a second MODS culture was minimal, particularly in patients at high risk for tuberculosis or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Agreement between MODS and the reference standard for susceptibility was 100% for rifampin, 97% for isoniazid, 99% for rifampin and isoniazid (combined results for multidrug resistance), 95% for ethambutol, and 92% for streptomycin (kappa values, 1.0, 0.89, 0.93, 0.71, and 0.72, respectively). Conclusions A single MODS culture of a sputum sample offers more rapid and sensitive detection of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis than the existing gold-standard methods used.
436 citations
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University of Oxford1, University of Leicester2, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio3, Duke University4, Novartis5, Moscow State University6, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill7, University College Cork8, Federal University of São Paulo9, National Taiwan University10, The Chinese University of Hong Kong11, Veterans Health Administration12, University of California, San Francisco13, University of Bern14, University of California, San Diego15, Tulane University16, University of Sydney17, Medical University of Warsaw18, Harvard University19, Istanbul University20, University of Oslo21, University of Washington22, Monash University23, University of Eastern Finland24, University of Toronto25, University of Cape Town26, National University of Cordoba27, University of Illinois at Chicago28, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center29, Massachusetts Institute of Technology30, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens31, Utrecht University32, Umeå University33, Dresden University of Technology34, University of Liège35, Aarhus University36, University of Buenos Aires37, Masaryk University38, University of Copenhagen39, Semmelweis University40, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research41, University of Helsinki42
TL;DR: Among persons with impaired glucose tolerance and established cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors, assignment to nateglinide for 5 years did not reduce the incidence of diabetes or the coprimary composite cardiovascular outcomes.
Abstract: After adjustment for multiple testing, nateglinide, as compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce the cumulative incidence of diabetes (36% and 34%, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.15; P = 0.05), the core composite cardiovascular outcome (7.9% and 8.3%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.09; P = 0.43), or the extended composite cardiovascular outcome (14.2% and 15.2%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.03; P = 0.16). Nateglinide did, however, increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Conclusions Among persons with impaired glucose tolerance and established cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors, assignment to nateglinide for 5 years did not reduce the incidence of diabetes or the coprimary composite cardiovascular outcomes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00097786.)
436 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a measure of technological diversity based on citation-weighted patents is proposed to indicate a firm's opportunity for corporate diversification based on economies of scope in valuable knowledge assets, defined for both single-and multibusiness firms, and is not correlated with more fundamental aspects of diversification, such as the number of businesses in the corporate portfolio.
Abstract: Previous findings that related diversification creates value have been called into question over concerns about methodology and measures. Reviewing existing theory to consider how a firm's knowledge base interacts with its product market activity, I address several of these concerns by creating a measure of technological diversity based on citation-weighted patents. The measure indicates a firm's opportunity for corporate diversification based on economies of scope in valuable knowledge assets, is defined for both single- and multibusiness firms, and is not correlated with more fundamental aspects of diversification, such as the number of businesses in the corporate portfolio. Evidence from a large sample of firms shows the positive relationship between diversification based on technological diversity and market-based measures of performance, controlling for R&D intensity and capital intensity as further indicators of the type of assets underlying diversification. Results hold when controlling for the endogeneity of diversification and performance in a cross-sectional sample or when controlling for unobserved factors using panel data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
436 citations
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University of Cambridge1, Mansfield University of Pennsylvania2, Imperial College London3, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society4, University of Graz5, University of Bonn6, University of Southampton7, Radboud University Nijmegen8, Princeton University9, Panjab University, Chandigarh10, University of Toronto11, Tulane University12, Carnegie Mellon University13, Cornell University14, Utrecht University15, OpenEye Scientific Software16, University of Utah17, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales18, Toyohashi University of Technology19, University College London20, Polaris Industries21, University of Silesia in Katowice22, Argonne National Laboratory23, Rutgers University24, Max Planck Society25, University of Luxembourg26, New York University27, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences28, New York University Shanghai29, Loyola University Chicago30
TL;DR: The results of the sixth blind test of organic crystal structure prediction methods are presented and discussed, highlighting progress for salts, hydrates and bulky flexible molecules, as well as on-going challenges.
Abstract: The sixth blind test of organic crystal structure prediction (CSP) methods has been held, with five target systems: a small nearly rigid molecule, a polymorphic former drug candidate, a chloride salt hydrate, a co-crystal and a bulky flexible molecule. This blind test has seen substantial growth in the number of participants, with the broad range of prediction methods giving a unique insight into the state of the art in the field. Significant progress has been seen in treating flexible molecules, usage of hierarchical approaches to ranking structures, the application of density-functional approximations, and the establishment of new workflows and `best practices' for performing CSP calculations. All of the targets, apart from a single potentially disordered Z' = 2 polymorph of the drug candidate, were predicted by at least one submission. Despite many remaining challenges, it is clear that CSP methods are becoming more applicable to a wider range of real systems, including salts, hydrates and larger flexible molecules. The results also highlight the potential for CSP calculations to complement and augment experimental studies of organic solid forms.
435 citations
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TL;DR: In consideration of the data currently available and in light of the potentially serious consequences of environmental Cd2+ exposure to human reproduction, it is proposed that priority should be given to studies dedicated to further elucidating the mechanisms involved.
Abstract: Cadmium (Cd2+) is a common environmental pollutant and a major constituent of tobacco smoke. Exposure to this heavy metal, which has no known beneficial physiological role, has been linked to a wide range of detrimental effects on mammalian reproduction. Intriguingly, depending on the identity of the steroidogenic tissue involved and the dosage used, it has been reported to either enhance or inhibit the biosynthesis of progesterone, a hormone that is inexorably linked to both normal ovarian cyclicity and the maintenance of pregnancy. Thus, Cd2+ has been shown to exert significant effects on ovarian and reproductive tract morphology, with extremely low dosages reported to stimulate ovarian luteal progesterone biosynthesis and high dosages inhibiting it. In addition, Cd2+ exposure during human pregnancy has been linked to decreased birth weights and premature birth, with the enhanced levels of placental Cd2+ resulting from maternal exposure to industrial wastes or tobacco smoke being associated with decreas...
435 citations
Authors
Showing all 24722 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
JoAnn E. Manson | 270 | 1819 | 258509 |
Frank B. Hu | 250 | 1675 | 253464 |
Eric B. Rimm | 196 | 988 | 147119 |
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski | 169 | 1431 | 128585 |
Nicholas J. White | 161 | 1352 | 104539 |
Tien Yin Wong | 160 | 1880 | 131830 |
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
Thomas E. Starzl | 150 | 1625 | 91704 |
Geoffrey Burnstock | 141 | 1488 | 99525 |
Joseph Sodroski | 138 | 542 | 77070 |
Glenn M. Chertow | 128 | 764 | 82401 |
Darwin J. Prockop | 128 | 576 | 87066 |
Kenneth J. Pienta | 127 | 671 | 64531 |
Charles Taylor | 126 | 741 | 77626 |