Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina published in 2015"

A summary of the new GINA strategy: a roadmap to asthma control.

Abstract: Over the past 20 years, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) has regularly published and annually updated a global strategy for asthma management and prevention that has formed the basis for many national guidelines. However, uptake of existing guidelines is poor. A major revision of the GINA report was published in 2014, and updated in 2015, reflecting an evolving understanding of heterogeneous airways disease, a broader evidence base, increasing interest in targeted treatment, and evidence about effective implementation approaches. During development of the report, the clinical utility of recommendations and strategies for their practical implementation were considered in parallel with the scientific evidence.This article provides a summary of key changes in the GINA report, and their rationale. The changes include a revised asthma definition; tools for assessing symptom control and risk factors for adverse outcomes; expanded indications for inhaled corticosteroid therapy; a framework for targeted treatment based on phenotype, modifiable risk factors, patient preference, and practical issues; optimisation of medication effectiveness by addressing inhaler technique and adherence; revised recommendations about written asthma action plans; diagnosis and initial treatment of the asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome; diagnosis in wheezing pre-school children; and updated strategies for adaptation and implementation of GINA recommendations.

Harvest-Then-Cooperate: Wireless-Powered Cooperative Communications

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a wireless-powered cooperative communication network consisting of one hybrid access-point (AP), one source, and one relay. In contrast to conventional cooperative networks, the source and relay in the considered network have no embedded energy supply. They need to rely on the energy harvested from the signals broadcasted by the AP for their cooperative information transmission. Based on this three-node reference model, we propose a harvest-then-cooperate (HTC) protocol, in which the source and relay harvest energy from the AP in the downlink and work cooperatively in the uplink for the source's information transmission. Considering a delay-limited transmission mode, the approximate closed-form expression for the average throughput of the proposed protocol is derived over Rayleigh fading channels. Subsequently, this analysis is extended to the multi-relay scenario, where the approximate throughput of the HTC protocol with two popular relay selection schemes is derived. The asymptotic analyses for the throughput performance of the considered schemes at high signal-to-noise radio are also provided. All theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations. The impacts of the system parameters, such as time allocation, relay number, and relay position, on the throughput performance are extensively investigated.

Tiotropium and olodaterol fixed-dose combination versus mono-components in COPD (GOLD 2-4)

Abstract: Efficacy and safety of tiotropium+olodaterol fixed-dose combination (FDC) compared with the mono-components was evaluated in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in two replicate, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre, phase III trials. Patients received tiotropium+olodaterol FDC 2.5/5 μg or 5/5 μg, tiotropium 2.5 μg or 5 μg, or olodaterol 5 μg delivered once-daily via Respimat inhaler over 52 weeks. Primary end points were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) area under the curve from 0 to 3 h (AUC0-3) response, trough FEV1 response and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score at 24 weeks. In total, 5162 patients (2624 in Study 1237.5 and 2538 in Study 1237.6) received treatment. Both FDCs significantly improved FEV1 AUC0-3 and trough FEV1 response versus the mono-components in both studies. Statistically significant improvements in SGRQ total score versus the mono-components were only seen for tiotropium+olodaterol FDC 5/5 μg. Incidence of adverse events was comparable between the FDCs and the mono-components. These studies demonstrated significant improvements in lung function and health-related quality of life with once-daily tiotropium+olodaterol FDC versus mono-components over 1 year in patients with moderate to very severe COPD.

Oral health in the elderly patient and its impact on general well-being: a nonsystematic review

Abstract: Data on the oral health of the elderly depict a worrying situation, with an elevated prevalence of caries and moderate periodontal disease, frequent edentulism, and numerous cases of dry mouth and oral cancer. There is wide evidence that periodontitis is a risk factor for certain systemic diseases, and impaired oral health has been associated with mastication and nutritional problems, especially among the elderly, with highly negative effects on their quality of life. In this nonsystematic review, the authors discuss the importance of evaluating the oral health of the geriatric population in a comprehensive manner, beyond simple clinical assessments.

Modeling and Stability Analysis of Islanded DC Microgrids Under Droop Control

Abstract: The stability of dc microgrids (MG s ) depends on the control strategy adopted for each mode of operation. In an islanded operation mode, droop control is the basic method for bus voltage stabilization when there is no communication among the sources. In this paper, it is shown the consequences of droop implementation on the voltage stability of dc power systems, whose loads are active and nonlinear, e.g., constant power loads. The set of parallel sources and their corresponding transmission lines are modeled by an ideal voltage source in series with an equivalent resistance and inductance. This approximate model allows performing a nonlinear stability analysis to predict the system qualitative behavior due to the reduced number of differential equations. Additionally, nonlinear analysis provides analytical stability conditions as a function of the model parameters and it leads to a design guideline to build reliable (MG s ) based on safe operating regions.

The CALIFA survey across the Hubble sequence: Spatially resolved stellar population properties in galaxies

Abstract: Various different physical processes contribute to the star formation and stellar mass assembly histories of galaxies. One important approach to understanding the significance of these different processes on galaxy evolution is the study of the stellar population content of today's galaxies in a spatially resolved manner. The aim of this paper is to characterize in detail the radial structure of stellar population properties of galaxies in the nearby universe, based on a uniquely large galaxy sample, considering the quality and coverage of the data. The sample under study was drawn from the CALIFA survey and contains 300 galaxies observed with integral field spectroscopy. These cover a wide range of Hubble types, from spheroids to spiral galaxies, while stellar masses range from M_* ∼ 10^9 to 7 x 10^11 M_⨀. We apply the fossil record method based on spectral synthesis techniques to recover the following physical properties for each spatial resolution element in our target galaxies: the stellar mass surface density (μ_*), stellar extinction (A_V), light-weighted and mass-weighted ages ( _L, _M), and mass-weighted metallicity ( _M). To study mean trends with overall galaxy properties, the individual radial profiles are stacked in seven bins of galaxy morphology (E, S0, Sa, Sb, Sbc, Sc, and Sd). We confirm that more massive galaxies are more compact, older, more metal rich, and less reddened by dust. Additionally, we find that these trends are preserved spatially with the radial distance to the nucleus. Deviations from these relations appear correlated with Hubble type: earlier types are more compact, older, and more metal rich for a given M-star, which is evidence that quenching is related to morphology, but not driven by mass. Negative gradients of _L are consistent with an inside-out growth of galaxies, with the largest _L gradients in Sb-Sbc galaxies. Further, the mean stellar ages of disks and bulges are correlated and with disks covering a wider range of ages, and late-type spirals hosting younger disks. However, age gradients are only mildly negative or flat beyond R∼2 HLR (half light radius), indicating that star formation is more uniformly distributed or that stellar migration is important at these distances. The gradients in stellar mass surface density depend mostly on stellar mass, in the sense that more massive galaxies are more centrally concentrated. Whatever sets the concentration indices of galaxies obviously depends less on quenching/morphology than on the depth of the potential well. There is a secondary correlation in the sense that at the same M_* early-type galaxies have steeper gradients. The μ_* gradients outside 1 HLR show no dependence on Hubble type. We find mildly negative _M gradients, which are shallower than predicted from models of galaxy evolution in isolation. In general, metallicity gradients depend on stellar mass, and less on morphology, hinting that metallicity is affected by both - the depth of the potential well and morphology/quenching. Thus, the largest _M gradients occur in Milky Way-like Sb-Sbc galaxies, and are similar to those measured above the Galactic disk. Sc spirals show flatter _M gradients, possibly indicating a larger contribution from secular evolution in disks. The galaxies from the sample have decreasing-outward stellar extinction; all spirals show similar radial profiles, independent from the stellar mass, but redder than E and S0. Overall, we conclude that quenching processes act in manners that are independent of mass, while metallicity and galaxy structure are influenced by mass-dependent processes.

Caffeine acts through neuronal adenosine A2A receptors to prevent mood and memory dysfunction triggered by chronic stress

Abstract: The consumption of caffeine (an adenosine receptor antagonist) correlates inversely with depression and memory deterioration, and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists emerge as candidate therapeutic targets because they control aberrant synaptic plasticity and afford neuroprotection Therefore we tested the ability of A2AR to control the behavioral, electrophysiological, and neurochemical modifications caused by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), which alters hippocampal circuits, dampens mood and memory performance, and enhances susceptibility to depression CUS for 3 wk in adult mice induced anxiogenic and helpless-like behavior and decreased memory performance These behavioral changes were accompanied by synaptic alterations, typified by a decrease in synaptic plasticity and a reduced density of synaptic proteins (synaptosomal-associated protein 25, syntaxin, and vesicular glutamate transporter type 1), together with an increased density of A2AR in glutamatergic terminals in the hippocampus Except for anxiety, for which results were mixed, CUS-induced behavioral and synaptic alterations were prevented by (i) caffeine (1 g/L in the drinking water, starting 3 wk before and continued throughout CUS); (ii) the selective A2AR antagonist KW6002 (3 mg/kg, po); (iii) global A2AR deletion; and (iv) selective A2AR deletion in forebrain neurons Notably, A2AR blockade was not only prophylactic but also therapeutically efficacious, because a 3-wk treatment with the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (01 mg/kg, ip) reversed the mood and synaptic dysfunction caused by CUS These results herald a key role for synaptic A2AR in the control of chronic stress-induced modifications and suggest A2AR as candidate targets to alleviate the consequences of chronic stress on brain function

Zika virus in Brazil and the danger of infestation by Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes

Abstract: Zika virus, already widely distributed in Africa and Asia, was recently reported in two Northeastern Brazilian: State of Bahia and State of Rio Grande do Norte, and one Southeastern: State of Sao Paulo. This finding adds a potentially noxious virus to a list of several other viruses that are widely transmitted by Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in Brazil. The pathology and epidemiology, including the distribution and vectors associated with Zika virus, are reviewed. This review is focused on viruses transmitted by Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes, including dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, Mayaro, and yellow fever virus, to emphasize the risks of occurrence for these arboviruses in Brazil and neighboring countries. Other species of Aedes (Stegomyia) are discussed, emphasizing their involvement in arbovirus transmission and the possibility of adaptation to environments modified by human activities and introduction in Brazil.

Chitosan/corn starch blend films with extract from Brassica oleraceae (red cabbage) as a visual indicator of fish deterioration

Abstract: Chitosan and Starch are polymers that can be obtained from renewable sources, with good film-forming properties and many applications in food industry, such as active and smart-packaging, which can monitor and inform consumers about food conditions in real-time. Hence, we report here a system for pH monitoring based on Chitosan, Corn Starch and red cabbage extract, all inexpensively obtained from renewable sources. The system was produced from medium molecular weight Chitosan, Corn–Starch and phytochemical extract from Brassica oleracea var. capitata (Red Cabbage). TG-DSC, FT-IR, Water Vapour Transmission Rate, as well as light microscopy were used to characterize the system. The colour variation after activation in different pH range was measured with the CIELab methodology. In order to validate the use of this system as a fish spoilage detection sensor, application tests were conducted with fish fillets. The results show that the system has good optical and morphological properties and is very sensitive to pH variations. During the application test, the system visually indicated pH changes. Thus, the system shows a clear response to pH variation of the samples. Therefore, it has potential to be used as a visual indicator of the storage and consumption conditions of food.

Origin and dynamics of admixture in Brazilians and its effect on the pattern of deleterious mutations

Abstract: While South Americans are underrepresented in human genomic diversity studies, Brazil has been a classical model for population genetics studies on admixture. We present the results of the EPIGEN Brazil Initiative, the most comprehensive up-to-date genomic analysis of any Latin-American population. A population-based genome-wide analysis of 6,487 individuals was performed in the context of worldwide genomic diversity to elucidate how ancestry, kinship, and inbreeding interact in three populations with different histories from the Northeast (African ancestry: 50%), Southeast, and South (both with European ancestry >70%) of Brazil. We showed that ancestry-positive assortative mating permeated Brazilian history. We traced European ancestry in the Southeast/South to a wider European/Middle Eastern region with respect to the Northeast, where ancestry seems restricted to Iberia. By developing an approximate Bayesian computation framework, we infer more recent European immigration to the Southeast/South than to the Northeast. Also, the observed low Native-American ancestry (6–8%) was mostly introduced in different regions of Brazil soon after the European Conquest. We broadened our understanding of the African diaspora, the major destination of which was Brazil, by revealing that Brazilians display two within-Africa ancestry components: one associated with non-Bantu/western Africans (more evident in the Northeast and African Americans) and one associated with Bantu/eastern Africans (more present in the Southeast/South). Furthermore, the whole-genome analysis of 30 individuals (42-fold deep coverage) shows that continental admixture rather than local post-Columbian history is the main and complex determinant of the individual amount of deleterious genotypes.

Size effect and minimum chip thickness in micromilling

Abstract: This paper compares the size effect behaviour in micro- and macromilling by applying Analysis of Variance on the specific cutting force (kc) and relating it with the tool edge radius (re), workpiece roughness (Ra), cutting force and chip formation when cutting slots in AISI 1045 steel. Size effect is observed in micromilling through hyper-proportional increase of the specific cutting force for feeds per tooth (f) lower than endmill edge radius, reaching levels of grinding process (∼70 GPa) when f≅re/10. This particular milling condition does not produce chips. The minimum uncut chip thickness (hmin) varied between 22% and 36% of the endmill edge radius. This range was determined by proposing a curve (kc/Ra versus f/re) where specific cutting force becomes amplified (size effect) due to workpiece roughness association. In addition to the minimum uncut chip thickness, there is a cutting thickness between hmin and re that optimizes workpiece surface integrity and not only forms the chip completely. This thickness may be as important as hmin. Besides this, a relation between deformation mechanisms during chip formation and cutting force oscillations is proposed for micromilling and also related to tool tip radius (re). This cutting force behaviour enables the determination of certain characteristic chip thicknesses including hmin. Finally, it is concluded that minimum uncut chip thickness varies practically from 1/4 to 1/3 of tool cutting edge, regardless of workpiece material, tool geometry, mechanical machining process and technique used for measuring or estimating hmin, i.e. numerical, analytical or experimental.

Land use and land cover change impacts on the regional climate of non-Amazonian South America: a review.

Abstract: Land use and land cover change (LUCC) affects regional climate through modifications in the water balance and energy budget. These impacts are frequently expressed by: changes in the amount and frequency of precipitation and alteration of surface temperatures. In South America, most of the studies of the effects of LUCC on the local and regional climate have focused on the Amazon region (54 studies), whereas LUCC within non-Amazonian regions have been largely undermined regardless their potential importance in regulating the regional climate (19 studies). We estimated that 3.6 million km2 of the original natural vegetation cover in non-Amazonian South America were converted into other types of land use, which is about 4 times greater than the historical Amazon deforestation. Moreover, there is evidence showing that LUCC within such fairly neglected ecosystems cause significant reductions in precipitation and increases in surface temperatures, with occasional impacts affecting neighboring or remote areas. We explore the implications of these findings in the context of water security, climatic extremes and future research priorities.

Robust biological nitrogen fixation in a model grass-bacterial association.

Abstract: Summary Nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria can promote plant growth; however, it is controversial whether biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) from associative interaction contributes to growth promotion. The roots of Setaria viridis, a model C4 grass, were effectively colonized by bacterial inoculants resulting in a significant enhancement of growth. Nitrogen-13 tracer studies provided direct evidence for tracer uptake by the host plant and incorporation into protein. Indeed, plants showed robust growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions when inoculated with an ammonium-excreting strain of Azospirillum brasilense. 11C-labeling experiments showed that patterns in central carbon metabolism and resource allocation exhibited by nitrogen-starved plants were largely reversed by bacterial inoculation, such that they resembled plants grown under nitrogen-sufficient conditions. Adoption of S. viridis as a model should promote research into the mechanisms of associative nitrogen fixation with the ultimate goal of greater adoption of BNF for sustainable crop production.

Enhanced photocatalytic properties of core@shell SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract: SiO2@TiO2 core@shell nanoparticles (CSNs) have recently attracted great attention due to their unique and tunable optical and photocatalytic properties and higher dispersion of the supported TiO2. Thus, development of facile, reproducible and effective methods for the synthesis of SiO2@TiO2 CSNs and a fundamental understanding of their improved properties, derived from combination of different core and shell materials, is of great importance. Here we report a very facile and reproducible method for the synthesis of CSNs with a control of particle morphology, crystallinity and phase selectivity, and provide important insight into the effect of core@shell configuration on the photocatalytic and optical properties of SiO2@TiO2 CSNs. For this purpose, synthesis of highly dispersed anatase nanocrystals (∼5 nm) of high surface area was carried out by supporting these nanocrystals on silica sub-micron spheres in the form of a porous shell of controlled thickness (10–30 nm). The amorphous TiO2 shell was crystallized into anatase using a low temperature (105 °C) hydrothermal treatment. The resulting CSNs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, zeta-potential measurements, BET surface area and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Both experimental data and theoretical simulations showed that due to the size of the complete particle (SiO2@TiO2), the general optical response of the system is regulated by Rayleigh scattering, exhibiting a red-shift of the extinction spectra as shell-thickness increases. The SiO2@TiO2 configuration leads to efficient light harvesting by increasing the optical path inside the core@shell particles. An enhanced photoactivity and good recyclability of SiO2@TiO2 CSNs was demonstrated compared to unsupported TiO2. Together with BET surface area measurements, direct assessment of the density of photocatalytic sites probed by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements was used to provide insight into the enhanced photocatalytic activity of CSNs, which is also understood as a consequence of Rayleigh scattering, relative enhancement of the adsorption of organic molecules on the core@shell photocatalyst surface and increased optical path inside the SiO2@TiO2 particles. All these aspects are directly influenced by the core@shell configuration of SiO2@TiO2 samples.

Towards non-invasive diagnostic imaging of early-stage Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: One way to image the molecular pathology in Alzheimer's disease is by positron emission tomography using probes that target amyloid fibrils. However, these fibrils are not closely linked to the development of the disease. It is now thought that early-stage biomarkers that instigate memory loss are composed of Aβ oligomers. Here, we report a sensitive molecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast probe that is specific for Aβ oligomers. We attach oligomer-specific antibodies onto magnetic nanostructures and show that the complex is stable and binds to Aβ oligomers on cells and brain tissues to give a magnetic resonance imaging signal. When intranasally administered to an Alzheimer's disease mouse model, the probe readily reached hippocampal Aβ oligomers. In isolated samples of human brain tissue, we observed a magnetic resonance imaging signal that distinguished Alzheimer's disease from controls. Such nanostructures that target neurotoxic Aβ oligomers are potentially useful for evaluating the efficacy of new drugs and ultimately for early-stage Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and disease management. A magnetic resonance imaging probe that binds specifically to neurotoxic amyloid-beta oligomers can potentially be used for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

Modelo assistencial em saúde: conceitos e desafios para a atenção básica brasileira

Abstract: Trata de uma reflexao teorica com objetivo de resgatar o debate conceitual sobre modelo assistencial em saude e os desafios para a atencao basica no Brasil. O estudo caracteriza diferentes conceitos e terminologias relativas a expressao modelo assistencial e mostra que a saude da familia promoveu ampliacao do acesso e incorporacao do acolhimento e humanizacao das praticas. No entanto, verifica-se a persistencia da centralidade do tratamento de patologias e dos cuidados ao corpo biologico, as dificuldades na implantacao da integralidade e deficits na formacao das equipes e nas condicoes e relacoes de trabalho. Concluiu que o termo modelo assistencial e polissemico e que, embora existam propostas e politicas estruturantes de um modelo que avance em relacao ao paradigma biomedico, as dificuldades para sua implementacao sao significativas.

Spatial Patterns of Movement of Dung Beetle Species in a Tropical Forest Suggest a New Trap Spacing for Dung Beetle Biodiversity Studies

Abstract: A primary goal of community ecologists is to understand the processes underlying the spatiotemporal patterns of species distribution. Understanding the dispersal process is of great interest in ecology because it is related to several mechanisms driving community structure. We investigated the mobility of dung beetles using mark-release-recapture technique, and tested the usefulness of the current recommendation for interaction distance between baited pitfall traps in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We found differences in mean movement rate between Scarabaeinae species, and between species with different sets of ecological traits. Large-diurnal-tunneler species showed greater mobility than did both large-nocturnal tunneler and roller species. Our results suggest that, based on the analyses of the whole community or the species with the highest number of recaptured individuals, the minimum distance of 50 m between pairs of baited pitfall traps proposed roughly 10 years ago is inadequate. Dung beetle species with different sets of ecological traits may differ in their dispersal ability, so we suggest a new minimum distance of 100 m between pairs of traps to minimize interference between baited pitfall traps for sampling copronecrophagous Scarabaeinae dung beetles.

Review of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) applications in Brazil: Challenges and prospects

Abstract: The geographical extent of Brazil exceeds 8.5 million km2 and encompasses a complex mix of biomes and other environmental conditions. Multiple decision support tools are needed to help support management of these diverse Brazilian natural resources including ecohydrological models. The use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) ecohydrological watershed-scale model in Brazil has increased greatly during the past decade. Well over 100 SWAT studies were identified in this review which have been published during 1999 to 2015 in Brazilian and international journals, conference proceedings, and as theses or dissertations, many of which are written in Portuguese. The majority of these studies (102 total) are reviewed here as part of an extensive survey covering the 1999 to 2013 time period. Temporal and spatial distributions, a summary of hydrologic calibration and validation results and a synopsis of the types of applications that were performed are reported for the surveyed studies. A smaller subset of recent Brazilian studies published in English between 2012 and 2015 in scientific journals are also reviewed, with emphasis on hydrologic and sediment transport testing results as well as scenario applications that were performed. The majority of the surveyed SWAT studies was performed for watersheds located in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil (67%) and was conducted in the context of academic research. Nearly 50% of the surveyed studies reported only hydrologic results. Similar trends were found for the subset of more recent English publications. Limited studies have been reported that describe applications of SWAT in Brazil by private firms or government agencies; this review indicates that the potential exists for increased numbers of such studies in the future. However, there is evidence that a lack of accessibility to adequate quality input data is a possible hindrance to the more general use of SWAT for watershed applications in Brazil. Keywords: SWAT, models, mapping applications, review, Brazil DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150803.1765 Online first on [2015-05-31] Citation: Bressiani D A, Gassman P W, Fernandes J G, Garbossa L H P, Srinivasan R, Bonuma N B, et al. Review of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) applications in Brazil: Challenges and prospects. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(3): 9－35.

The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

Abstract: The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, “ERICA”) is a multicenter, school-based country-wide cross-sectional study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, which aims at estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including those included in the definition of the metabolic syndrome, in a random sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Approximately 85,000 students were assessed in public and private schools. Brazil is a continental country with a heterogeneous population of 190 million living in its five main geographic regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast). ERICA is a pioneering study that will assess the prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian adolescents using a sample with national and regional representativeness. This paper describes the rationale, design and procedures of ERICA.

Adenotonsillectomy Complications: A Meta-analysis.

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Complications after adenotonsillectomy (AT) in children have been extensively studied, but differences between children with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not been systematically reported. Our objective was to identify the most frequent complications after AT, and evaluate if differences between children with and without OSA exist. METHODS: Several electronic databases were searched. A partial gray literature search was undertaken by using Google Scholar. Experts were consulted to identify any missing publications. Studies assessing complications after AT in otherwise healthy children were included. One author collected the required information from the selected articles. A second author crosschecked the collected information and confirmed its accuracy. Most of the selected studies collected information from medical charts. RESULTS: A total of 1254 studies were initially identified. Only 23 articles remained after a 2-step selection process. The most frequent complication was respiratory compromise (9.4%), followed by secondary hemorrhage (2.6%). Four studies compared postoperative complications in children with and without OSA, and revealed that children with OSA have nearly 5 times more respiratory complications after AT than children without OSA (odds ratio = 4.90; 95% confidence interval: 2.38–10.10). In contrast, children with OSA are less likely to have postoperative bleeding when compared with children without OSA (odds ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.74). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent early complications after AT are respiratory compromise and secondary hemorrhage. Based on the current limited evidence, children with OSA appear to have more respiratory complications. Conversely, hemorrhage appears to be more frequent in children without OSA.