University of Dundee

About: University of Dundee is a education organization based out in Dundee, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Protein kinase A. The organization has 19258 authors who have published 39640 publications receiving 1919433 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitas Dundensis & Dundee University.

Primary productivity of planet earth: biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats

Abstract: R I C H A R D J . G E I D E R , 1 E V A N H . D E L U C I A , 2 P A U L G . F A L K O W S K I , 3 A D R I E N C . F I N Z I , 4 J . P H I L I P G R I M E , 5 J O H N G R A C E , 6 T O D D M . K A N A , 7 J U L I E L A R O C H E , 8 S T E P H E N P . L O N G , 2 , 9 B R U C E A . O S B O R N E , 1 0 T R E V O R P L A T T , 1 1 I . C O L I N P R E N T I C E , 1 2 J O H N A . R A V E N , 1 3 W I L L I A M H . S C H L E S I N G E R , 1 4 V I C T O R S M E T A C E K , 1 5 V E N E T I A S T U A R T , 1 6 S H U B H A S A T H Y E N D R A N A T H , 1 1 , 1 6 R I C H A R D B . T H O M A S , 1 7 T O M C . V O G E L M A N N , 1 8 P E T E R W I L L I A M S , 1 9 F . I A N W O O D W A R D 5 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Geology, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA, Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Shef®eld, Shef®eld S10 2TN, UK, Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, UK, Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland, PO Box 775, Cambridge MD 21613, USA, Institut fuÈr Meereskunde, DuÈstenbrooker Weg 20, Kiel 24105, Germany, Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Botany Department, University College Dublin, Bel®eld, Dublin 4, Ireland, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, Canada, Max Plank Insttitute for Biogeochemistry, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, Jena D-07743, Germany, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK, Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada, Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, Botany Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA, School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Menai Bridge, Gywnedd, PP59 5EY, UK

Mass spectrometric analysis of the anaphase-promoting complex from yeast: identification of a subunit related to cullins.

Abstract: Entry into anaphase and exit from mitosis depend on a ubiquitin–protein ligase complex called the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome. At least 12 different subunits were detected in the purified particle from budding yeast, including the previously identified proteins Apc1p, Cdc16p, Cdc23p, Cdc26p, and Cdc27p. Five additional subunits purified in low nanogram amounts were identified by tandem mass spectrometric sequencing. Apc2p, Apc5p, and the RING-finger protein Apc11p are conserved from yeast to humans. Apc2p is similar to the cullin Cdc53p, which is a subunit of the ubiquitin–protein ligase complex SCFCdc4 required for the initiation of DNA replication.

Activation of mammalian Chk1 during DNA replication arrest: a role for Chk1 in the intra-S phase checkpoint monitoring replication origin firing

Abstract: Checkpoints maintain order and fidelity in the cell cycle by blocking late-occurring events when earlier events are improperly executed. Here we describe evidence for the participation of Chk1 in an intra-S phase checkpoint in mammalian cells. We show that both Chk1 and Chk2 are phosphorylated and activated in a caffeine-sensitive signaling pathway during S phase, but only in response to replication blocks, not during normal S phase progression. Replication block–induced activation of Chk1 and Chk2 occurs normally in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells, which are deficient in the S phase response to ionizing radiation (IR). Resumption of synthesis after removal of replication blocks correlates with the inactivation of Chk1 but not Chk2. Using a selective small molecule inhibitor, cells lacking Chk1 function show a progressive change in the global pattern of replication origin firing in the absence of any DNA replication. Thus, Chk1 is apparently necessary for an intra-S phase checkpoint, ensuring that activation of late replication origins is blocked and arrested replication fork integrity is maintained when DNA synthesis is inhibited.

Common variants near ATM are associated with glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes

Abstract: Metformin is the most commonly used pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes. We report a genome-wide association study for glycemic response to metformin in 1,024 Scottish individuals with type 2 diabetes with replication in two cohorts including 1,783 Scottish individuals and 1,113 individuals from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study. In a combined meta-analysis, we identified a SNP, rs11212617, associated with treatment success (n = 3,920, P = 2.9 P×-9, odds ratio = 1.35, 95% CI 1.22-1.49) at a locus containing ATM, the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene. In a rat hepatoma cell line, inhibition of ATM with KU-55933 attenuated the phosphorylation and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in response to metformin. We conclude that ATM, a gene known to be involved in DNA repair and cell cycle control, plays a role in the effect of metformin upstream of AMP-activated protein kinase, and variation in this gene alters glycemic response to metformin. © 2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.