University of Rhode Island

About: University of Rhode Island is a education organization based out in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Bay. The organization has 11464 authors who have published 22770 publications receiving 841066 citations. The organization is also known as: URI & Rhode Island College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.

Character strengths and happiness among young children: Content analysis of parental descriptions.

Abstract: Parents’ written descriptions (average length = 211 words) of children between the ages of 3 and 9 years were collected on a password-protected website (n = 680). The presence of the 24 character strengths in the VIA Classification and the level of child’s happiness were coded with content analysis. Descriptions were rich in character language (average strengths mentioned per description = 3.09), and coding was reliable. Consistent with previous research with youth and adults, the character strengths of love, zest, and hope were associated with happiness; gratitude was associated with happiness among older children. The early development of character strengths and possible ways of fostering them are discussed.

The Fishery Performance Indicators: A Management Tool for Triple Bottom Line Outcomes

Abstract: Pursuit of the triple bottom line of economic, community and ecological sustainability has increased the complexity of fishery management; fisheries assessments require new types of data and analysis to guide science-based policy in addition to traditional biological information and modeling. The authors introduce the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs), a broadly applicable and flexible tool for assessing performance in individual fisheries, and for establishing cross-sectional links between enabling conditions, management strategies and triple bottom line outcomes. Conceptually separating measures of performance, the FPIs use 68 individual outcome metrics, coded on a 1 to 5 scale based on expert assessment to facilitate application to data poor fisheries and sectors that can be partitioned into sector based or triple-bottom-line sustainability-based interpretative indicators. Variation among outcomes is explained with 54 similarly structured metrics of inputs, management approaches and enabling conditions. Using 61 initial fishery case studies drawn from industrial and developing countries around the world, the authors demonstrate the inferential importance of tracking economic and community outcomes, in addition to resource status.

Effects of pH on coastal marine phytoplankton

Abstract: Twenty-one studies on the effects of pH on marine phytoplankton were found and are herein reviewed Under laboratory conditions, the optimum pH for growth is between pH 63 and 10 Some species can grow well at a wide range of pH, while others have growth rates that vary greatly over a 05 to 1 pH unit change Different clones of the same species were found to have slightly to strikingly different relationships between pH and growth rate The pH in typical coastal environ- ments may vary by 1 or more pH units, with over 10% of observations being more than 05 units above or below equilibrium pH This range is great enough, relative to the observed pH effect on growth rate for many species, for seawater pH to affect the growth rate, and hence the timing and abundance of coastal marine phytoplankton species Effects of pH are not limited to extreme pH con- ditions The growth rates of some species are influenced significantly by changes in pH near the equi- librium pH of coastal seawater Care must be taken in growth experiments with phytoplankton to avoid effects due to pH of the culture media Eutrophication of coastal waters may amplify the range of pH found in coastal environments

Strengths of character and posttraumatic growth.

Abstract: How are strengths of character related to growth following trauma? A retrospective Web-based study of 1,739 adults found small, but positive associations among the number of potentially traumatic events experienced and a number of cognitive and interpersonal character strengths. It was concluded that growth following trauma may entail the strengthening of character.