Institution
University of Rhode Island
Education•Kingston, Rhode Island, United States•
About: University of Rhode Island is a education organization based out in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Bay. The organization has 11464 authors who have published 22770 publications receiving 841066 citations. The organization is also known as: URI & Rhode Island College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.
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TL;DR: The stability of distribution across age suggests that interventions that are appropriately matched to stage can be applied across all age groups and the differences found with respect to education, Hispanic origin, and race can serve as a guide to the tailoring of intervention materials.
434 citations
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TL;DR: The multinomial logit model (MLM) that uses maximum likelihood estimator and its application in nursing research is understood and can handle situations with several categories.
Abstract: Background When the dependent variable consists of several categories that are not ordinal (i.e., they have no natural ordering), the ordinary least square estimator cannot be used. Instead, a maximum likelihood estimator like multinomial logit or probit should be used. Objectives The purpose of this article is to understand the multinomial logit model (MLM) that uses maximum likelihood estimator and its application in nursing research. Method The research on "Racial differences in use of long-term care received by the elderly" (Kwak, 2001) is used to illustrate the multinomial logit model approach. This method assumes that the data satisfy a critical assumption called the "independence of irrelevant alternatives." A diagnostic developed by Hausman is used to test the independence of irrelevant alternatives assumption. Models in which the dependent variable consists of several unordered categories can be estimated with the multinomial logit model, and these models can be easily interpreted. Conclusions This method can handle situations with several categories. There is no need to limit the analysis to pairs of categories, or to collapse the categories into two mutually exclusive groups so that the (more familiar) logit model can be used. Indeed, any strategy that eliminates observations or combines categories only leads to less efficient estimates.
432 citations
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University of Washington1, University of California, San Diego2, Massachusetts Institute of Technology3, Oregon State University4, University of Southern Mississippi5, University of Maryland, College Park6, National Taiwan University7, University of Rhode Island8, University of Victoria9, Stanford University10, National Sun Yat-sen University11, United States Naval Research Laboratory12, University of Miami13, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution14, Florida Institute of Technology15, Princeton University16, Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute17, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill18, University of Alaska Fairbanks19, Colorado State University20, Office of Naval Research21
TL;DR: This work shows that the waves begin as sinusoidal disturbances rather than arising from sharp hydraulic phenomena, and reveals the existence of >200-metre-high breaking internal waves in the region of generation that give rise to turbulence levels >10,000 times that in the open ocean.
Abstract: Internal oceanic waves are subsurface gravity waves that can be enormous and travel thousands of kilometres before breaking but they are difficult to study; here observations of such waves in the South China Sea reveal their formation mechanism, extreme turbulence, relationship to the Kuroshio Current and energy budget. Internal waves are the underwater version of more familiar surface waves. They can be enormous and travel thousands of kilometres before breaking. The South China Sea is known to be home to the largest internal waves in the world's oceans, but their size, generation mechanisms and role in the regional energy budget are unknown. Matthew Alford and colleagues now present the results from the IWISE observational campaign and reveal that internal waves more than 200 metres high break in the South China Sea and create turbulence that is orders of magnitude larger than in the open ocean, and that wave formation is influenced by the Kuroshio current. These results now allow for a complete energy budget of the South China Sea, and for a more accurate incorporation of internal waves into climate models. Internal gravity waves, the subsurface analogue of the familiar surface gravity waves that break on beaches, are ubiquitous in the ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal currents, and the turbulent mixing caused by their breaking, they affect a panoply of ocean processes, such as the supply of nutrients for photosynthesis1, sediment and pollutant transport2 and acoustic transmission3; they also pose hazards for man-made structures in the ocean4. Generated primarily by the wind and the tides, internal waves can travel thousands of kilometres from their sources before breaking5, making it challenging to observe them and to include them in numerical climate models, which are sensitive to their effects6,7. For over a decade, studies8,9,10,11 have targeted the South China Sea, where the oceans’ most powerful known internal waves are generated in the Luzon Strait and steepen dramatically as they propagate west. Confusion has persisted regarding their mechanism of generation, variability and energy budget, however, owing to the lack of in situ data from the Luzon Strait, where extreme flow conditions make measurements difficult. Here we use new observations and numerical models to (1) show that the waves begin as sinusoidal disturbances rather than arising from sharp hydraulic phenomena, (2) reveal the existence of >200-metre-high breaking internal waves in the region of generation that give rise to turbulence levels >10,000 times that in the open ocean, (3) determine that the Kuroshio western boundary current noticeably refracts the internal wave field emanating from the Luzon Strait, and (4) demonstrate a factor-of-two agreement between modelled and observed energy fluxes, which allows us to produce an observationally supported energy budget of the region. Together, these findings give a cradle-to-grave picture of internal waves on a basin scale, which will support further improvements of their representation in numerical climate predictions.
432 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime of a binary neutron star inspiral.
Abstract: The recent discovery by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo of a gravitational wave signal from a binary neutron star inspiral has enabled tests of general relativity (GR) with this new type of source. This source, for the first time, permits tests of strong-field dynamics of compact binaries in the presence of matter. In this Letter, we place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime. Bounds on modified dispersion of gravitational waves are obtained; in combination with information from the observed electromagnetic counterpart we can also constrain effects due to large extra dimensions. Finally, the polarization content of the gravitational wave signal is studied. The results of all tests performed here show good agreement with GR.
430 citations
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TL;DR: It is reported that the expression of AD-related genes as well as their transcriptional regulator were elevated in aged (23-year-old) monkeys exposed to Pb as infants, suggesting that AD pathogenesis is influenced by early life exposures and argue for both an environmental trigger and a developmental origin of AD.
Abstract: The sporadic nature of Alzheimer9s disease (AD) argues for an environmental link that may drive AD pathogenesis; however, the triggering factors and the period of their action are unknown Recent studies in rodents have shown that exposure to lead (Pb) during brain development predetermined the expression and regulation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its amyloidogenic β-amyloid (Aβ) product in old age Here, we report that the expression of AD-related genes [APP, BACE1 (β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1)] as well as their transcriptional regulator (Sp1) were elevated in aged (23-year-old) monkeys exposed to Pb as infants Furthermore, developmental exposure to Pb altered the levels, characteristics, and intracellular distribution of Aβ staining and amyloid plaques in the frontal association cortex These latent effects were accompanied by a decrease in DNA methyltransferase activity and higher levels of oxidative damage to DNA, indicating that epigenetic imprinting in early life influenced the expression of AD-related genes and promoted DNA damage and pathogenesis These data suggest that AD pathogenesis is influenced by early life exposures and argue for both an environmental trigger and a developmental origin of AD
430 citations
Authors
Showing all 11569 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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James M. Tiedje | 150 | 688 | 102287 |
Roberto Kolter | 120 | 315 | 52942 |
Robert S. Stern | 120 | 761 | 62834 |
Michael S. Feld | 119 | 552 | 51968 |
William C. Sessa | 117 | 383 | 52208 |
Kenneth H. Mayer | 115 | 1351 | 64698 |
Staffan Kjelleberg | 114 | 425 | 44414 |
Kevin C. Jones | 114 | 744 | 50207 |
David R. Nelson | 110 | 615 | 66627 |
Peter K. Smith | 107 | 855 | 49174 |
Peter M. Groffman | 106 | 457 | 40165 |
Ming Li | 103 | 1669 | 62672 |
Victor Nizet | 102 | 564 | 44193 |
Anil Kumar | 99 | 2124 | 64825 |
James O. Prochaska | 97 | 320 | 73265 |