A compendium of gene expression in normal human tissues.
Li Li Hsiao,Fernando Dangond,Takumi Yoshida,Robert L. Hong,Roderick V. Jensen,Jatin Misra,William P. Dillon,Kailin F. Lee,Kathryn E. Clark,Peter M. Haverty,Zhiping Weng,George L. Mutter,Matthew P. Frosch,Marcy E. MacDonald,Edgar L. Milford,Christopher P. Crum,Raphael Bueno,Richard E. Pratt,Mamatha Mahadevappa,Janet A. Warrington,Gregory Stephanopoulos,George Stephanopoulos,Steven R. Gullans +22 more
TLDR
A compendium of gene expression in normal human tissues suitable as a reference for defining basic organ systems biology is created and subsets of tissue-selective genes are identified that define key biological processes characterizing each organ.Abstract:
This study creates a compendium of gene expression in normal human tissues suitable as a reference for defining basic organ systems biology. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we analyze 59 samples representing 19 distinct tissue types. Of approximately 7,000 genes analyzed, 451 genes are expressed in all tissue types and designated as housekeeping genes. These genes display significant variation in expression levels among tissues and are sufficient for discerning tissue-specific expression signatures, indicative of fundamental differences in biochemical processes. In addition, subsets of tissue-selective genes are identified that define key biological processes characterizing each organ. This compendium highlights similarities and differences among organ systems and different individuals and also provides a publicly available resource (Human Gene Expression Index, the HuGE Index, http://www.hugeindex.org) for future studies of pathophysiology.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Human housekeeping genes, revisited.
Eli Eisenberg,Erez Y. Levanon +1 more
TL;DR: This work describes housekeeping gene detection in the era of massive parallel sequencing and RNA-seq and provides a list of 3804 human genes that are expressed uniformly across a panel of tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide midrange transcription profiles reveal expression level relationships in human tissue specification
Itai Yanai,Hila Benjamin,Michael Shmoish,Vered Chalifa-Caspi,Maxim Shklar,Ron Ophir,Arren Bar-Even,Shirley Horn-Saban,Marilyn Safran,Eytan Domany,Doron Lancet,Orit Shmueli +11 more
TL;DR: The analyses provide a novel route to infer expression profiles for presumed ancestral nodes in the tissue dendrogram, whereby de novo enhancement and diminution of gene expression go hand in hand, and highlight the importance of gene suppression events.
Journal ArticleDOI
GAPDH as a housekeeping gene: analysis of GAPDH mRNA expression in a panel of 72 human tissues
TL;DR: These data provide an extensive analysis of GAPDH mRNA expression in human tissues and confirm previous reports of the marked variability ofGAPDH expression between tissue types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human housekeeping genes are compact
Eli Eisenberg,Erez Y. Levanon +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that the introns, untranslated regions and coding sequences of the housekeeping genes are shorter, indicating a selection for compactness in these genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification and validation of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR normalization in wheat
TL;DR: The present research represents the first wide screening aimed to the identification of reference genes and of the corresponding primer pairs specifically designed for gene expression studies in wheat, in particular for qRT-PCR analyses.
References
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TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
BookDOI
Modern Applied Statistics with S
W. N. Venables,Brian D. Ripley +1 more
TL;DR: A guide to using S environments to perform statistical analyses providing both an introduction to the use of S and a course in modern statistical methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring.
Todd R. Golub,Todd R. Golub,Donna K. Slonim,Pablo Tamayo,Christine Huard,Michelle Gaasenbeek,Jill P. Mesirov,Hilary A. Coller,Mignon L. Loh,James R. Downing,Michael A. Caligiuri,Clara D. Bloomfield,Eric S. Lander +12 more
TL;DR: A generic approach to cancer classification based on gene expression monitoring by DNA microarrays is described and applied to human acute leukemias as a test case and suggests a general strategy for discovering and predicting cancer classes for other types of cancer, independent of previous biological knowledge.
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TL;DR: Comparative genomic analysis indicates vertebrate expansions of genes associated with neuronal function, with tissue-specific developmental regulation, and with the hemostasis and immune systems are indicated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling
Ash A. Alizadeh,Michael B. Eisen,R. Eric Davis,Izidore S. Lossos,Andreas Rosenwald,Jennifer C. Boldrick,Hajeer Sabet,Truc Tran,Xin Yu,John Powell,Liming Yang,Gerald E. Marti,Troy Moore,James I. Hudson,Li-Sheng Lu,David B. Lewis,Robert Tibshirani,Gavin Sherlock,Wing C. Chan,Timothy C. Greiner,Dennis D. Weisenburger,James O. Armitage,Roger A. Warnke,Ronald Levy,Wyndham H. Wilson,M. R. Grever,John C. Byrd,David Botstein,Patrick O. Brown,Louis M. Staudt +29 more
TL;DR: It is shown that there is diversity in gene expression among the tumours of DLBCL patients, apparently reflecting the variation in tumour proliferation rate, host response and differentiation state of the tumour.
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