Characterisation of B.1.1.7 and Pangolin coronavirus spike provides insights on the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2
Samuel James Dicken,Matthew J Murray,Lucy Thorne,Ann-Kathrin Reuschl,Calum Forrest,Maaroothen Ganeshalingham,Luke Muir,Mphatso D Kalemera,Machaela Palor,Laura E. McCoy,Clare Jolly,Greg J. Towers,Matthew B. Reeves,Joe Grove +13 more
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In this article, the authors examined virus entry by the B.1.7 lineage, commonly referred to as the UK/Kent variant, and found that amino acid deletions within the N-terminal domain (NTD) of spike were important for efficient entry by B. 1.7.Citations
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The Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Critical Review
Edward C. Holmes,Stephen A. Goldstein,Angela L. Rasmussen,David Robertson,Alexander Crits-Christoph,Joel O. Wertheim,Simon J. Anthony,Wendy S. Barclay,Maciej F. Boni,Peter C. Doherty,Jeremy Farrar,Jemma L. Geoghegan,Xiaowei Jiang,Julian L. Leibowitz,Stuart J. D. Neil,Tim Skern,Susan R. Weiss,Michael Worobey,Kristian G. Andersen,Robert F. Garry,Andrew Rambaut +20 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current scientific evidence that may help clarify the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is presented, with a focus on how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in the human population.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is an immune escape variant with an altered cell entry pathway
Brian J. Willett,Joe Grove,Oscar A. MacLean,Craig Wilkie,Giuditta De Lorenzo,Wilhelm Furnon,Diego Cantoni,S. Scott,Nicola S Logan,Shirin Ashraf,M. Manali,Agnieszka M. Szemiel,Vanessa M. Cowton,Elen Vink,Chris Davis,Patawee Asamaphan,Richard J. Orton,P Holland,Vanessa Silva,David J Pascall,Kathryn Puxty,Sharif Shaaban Muhammad Shaaban,Matthew T. G. Holden,Rute Maria Pinto,Kate Templeton,Pablo R. Murcia,Arvind H. Patel,Paul Klenerman,Susanna Dunachie,Eleanor Barnes,Anthony Brown,S Adele,Barbara Kronsteiner,Sam M. Murray,P. Abraham,Alexandra Deeks,M A Ansari,Lance Turtle,Shona C Moore,James Austin,Alex G. Richter,Christopher J A Duncan,Rebecca Payne,Amy Ehrlich Ash,C. J. Koshy,Beatrix Kele,Teresa Cutino-Moguel,Derek Fairley,James McKenna,Tanya Curran,Helen Adams,Christophe Fraser,David Bonsall,Helen R. Fryer,Katrina A. Lythgoe,Laura Hayden Thomson,Tanya Golubchik,Abigail Murray,D. Singleton,Shaun M. Beckwith,A Mantzouratou,Magdalena Barrow,Sarah L. Buchan,Nicola Reynolds,Ben Warne,Joshua Maksimovic,Karla Spellman,Kathryn Mccluggage,M. John,Robert H. Beer,Safiah Afifi,Sian Natasha Morgan,Andrew L. Mack,Angela Marchbank,Anna Price,A.C. Morriss,Catherine Bresner,Christine Kitchen,I. Merrick,Joel Southgate,Martyn F Guest,Owen Bowden Jones,Robert F. Munn,Thomas R. Connor,Tom Whalley,T. Race Workman,William Oliver Fuller,Amita Patel,Bindi Patel,G. Nebbia,Jonathan D. Edgeworth,Luke B Snell,Rahul Batra,Themoula Charalampous,Angela Helen Beckett,Ekaterina Shelest,Samuel Robson,Anthony Underwood,Benjamin Taylor,Corin Yeats,David M. Aanensen,Khalil Abudahab,Mirko Menegazzo,Amelia Joseph,Gemma Clark,Hannah C. Howson-Wells,Louise Berry,Manjinder Khakh,Michelle Lister,T. Boswell,Vicki M. Fleming,Christopher W Holmes,Claire McMurray,Jessica R. Shaw,Julian W. Tang,Karlie Fallon,Minaxshi Odedra,Nicholas J. Willford,Paul W Bird,Thomas Helmer,L.A. Williams,Nicole R. Sheriff,Sharon Campbell,Veena Raviprakash,Vickie L. Blakey,Christopher I. Moore,Fei Sang,Johnny Debebe,Matthew Carlile,Matthew Loose,Nadine Holmes,Victoria Wright,M. Torok,William L Hamilton,Alessandro M Carabelli,Andrew Jermy,Beth Blane,Carol Churcher,Catherine Ludden,Dinesh Aggarwal,Elaine J. Westwick,Ellen Brigid Brooks,Georgina M. McManus,Katerina Galai,Ken R. Smith,Kim Smith,MacGregor Cox,Mireille Fragakis,Patrick Maxwell,Sarah Judges,Sharon J. Peacock,Theresa Feltwell,A. K. Kenyon,Sahar Eldirdiri,Thomas Davis,Joshua F. Taylor,NgeeKeong Tan,Alexander E. Zarebski,Bernardo Gutierrez,Jayna Raghwani,Louis du Plessis,Moritz U. G. Kraemer,Oliver G. Pybus,Sarah François,S. W. Attwood,Tetyana I. Vasylyeva,Aminu S Jahun,Ian Goodfellow,Iliana Georgana,Malte L Pinckert,Myra Hosmillo,Rhys E. Izuagbe,Yasmin Chaudhry,Felicity Ryan,Hannah Louise Lowe,Samuel Rajan Moses,Luke Bedford,James S Cargill,Warwick S. Hughes,J. Moore,Susanne Stonehouse,Divya Shah,Jack Lee,Julianne R Brown,Kathryn A. Harris,Laura Atkinson,Nathaniel Storey,Moira J. Spyer,Flavia Flaviani,Adela Alcolea-Medina,J. Sehmi,John Ramble,Natasha Ohemeng-Kumi,P. Smith,B. Bertolusso,Claire P Thomas,Gabrielle Vernet,Jessica Lynch,Nathan Moore,Nicholas Cortes,Rebecca Williams,Stephen P. Kidd,L. J. Levett,Monika Pusok,Paul Grant,Stuart Kirk,W. J. Chatterton,Li Xu-McCrae,Darren L. Smith,Gregor Young,Matthew Bashton,Katie Kitchman,Kavitha Gajee,K. Eastick,Patrick J. Lillie,Phillipa Burns,William G. Everson,Alison Cox,Alison Holmes,Frances Bolt,James R. Price,Marcus Pond,Paul Randell,Pinglawathee Madona,Siddharth Mookerjee,Erik M. Volz,Lily Geidelberg,Manon Ragonnet-Cronin,Olivia Boyd,Robert Johnson,Cassie F Pope,Adam A. Witney,Irene M. Monahan,Ken Laing,Katherine Smollett,Alan McNally,Joanne Stockton,Joshua Quick,Nicholas J. Loman,Radoslaw Poplawski,Samuel M. Nicholls,Will P. M. Rowe,Anibolina Castigador,Emily Macnaughton,Kate El Bouzidi,Malur Sudhanva,Temi Lampejo,Rocio Martinez Nunez,Cathy Breen,Graciela Sluga,Karen T. Withell,Nicholas W Machin,Ryan George,Shazaad Ahmad,David Pritchard,D. Binns,Nick Wong,Victoria L. James,Cheryl Williams,Christopher J. R. Illingworth,Christopher Jackson,Daniela De Angelis,Afrida Mukaddas,Alice Broos,Ana da Silva Filipe,Daniel Mair,David Robertson,Derek W. Wright,E. Thomson,Igor Starinskij,Ioulia Tsatsani,James Shepherd,Jenna Nichols,Joseph Hughes,Kyriaki Nomikou,Lily Tong,Sreenu B. Vattipally,William T. Harvey,Roy A. Sanderson,S. O’Brien,Steven Rushton,Jon Davis Perkins,Rachel Blacow,Rory Gunson,A. Gallagher,Elizabeth Wastnedge,Martin P McHugh,Rebecca Dewar,Seb Cotton,Lindsay Coupland,R.Suganya and Dr. Shaleesha A. Stanley,Samir Dervisevic,Lewis G. Spurgin,Louise Smith,Clive Graham,D. Padgett,Edward Barton,Garren Scott,Aidan Cross,Mariyam Mirfenderesky,E. Swindells,J Greenaway,Rebecca Denton-Smith,Robyn Turnbull,Giles Idle,Kevin Cole,Amy Louise Hollis,Andrew T. Nelson,C. McCann,Joan H Henderson,M. Crown,Wen Chyin Yew,W Stawski Stanley,Nicholas Duckworth,Phillip Clarke,Sarah Walsh,Tim J. Sloan,Kelly Bicknell,R. L. Impey,Sarah Wyllie,Scott M. Elliott,Sharon Glaysher,Declan Bradley,Nicholas Killough,Tim W. Wyatt,Andrew Bosworth,Barry Vipond,Clare Pearson,Elias Allara,E. E Robinson,Hannah M. Pymont,Husam Osman,Peter C. Muir,Richard Hopes,S. A. Hutchings,Martin D. Curran,Surendra S. Parmar,A Thornton,Angie Lackenby,Chloe Bishop,David F. Bibby,Dave Lee,Eileen Gallagher,Gavin Dabrera,Ian Harrison,Jonathan Hubb,Katherine A. Twohig,Meera Chand,Nicholas Ellaby,Nikos Manesis,R. Myers,Steven Platt,Tamyo Mbisa,Vicki Chalker,Gonzalo Yebra,Stefan Rooke,Alec Birchley,Alexander Adams,A Davies,Amy E. Gaskin,Bree Gatica-Wilcox,Caoimhe McKerr,Catherine Moore,Catryn Williams,Chris Williams,David Heyburn,Elen de Lacy,Ember Hilvers,Fatima Downing,Georgia Pugh,Hannah Jones,Hibo Asad,Jason D. Coombes,Jessica G. Hey,Jessica L. Powell,Joanne Watkins,John Evans,Laia Fina,Laura Gifford,L Gilbert,Lee H. Graham,Malorie Perry,Mari Morgan,Matthew Bull,Nicole Pacchiarini,Noel Craine,Sally Corden,Sara Kumžiene-Summerhayes,Sara Rey,Sarah Taylor,Simon Cottrell,Sophie Jones,Sue Edwards,Tara Annett,Alexander J. Trotter,Alison E. Mather,Alp Aydin,Andrew J. Page,David J. Baker,Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko,Gemma L. Kay,Justin O'Grady,Leonardo de Oliveira Martins,Lizzie Meadows,Nabil-Fareed Alikhan,Sophie J Prosolek,Steven J. Rudder,Thanh Le-Viet,Anna Casey,Liz Ratcliffe,Aditi Singh,Arun Mariappan,Chris L. Baxter,Clara Radulescu,David Simpson,Debra Redman Lavin,Fiona Rogan,Julia Miskelly,Marc Fuchs,Miao Tang,Sílvia F. Carvalho,Stephen Bridgett,Timofey Skvortsov,Zoltán Molnár,Newara Ramadan,Bridget A. Knight,Christopher R. Jones,Cressida Auckland,Helen Morcrette,Jennifer Lee Poyner,Dianne Irish-Tavares,Eric Witele,Jennifer Hart,Tabitha Mahungu,Tanzina Haque,Yann Bourgeois,Christopher Fearn,Kate Cook,Katie F. Loveson,Salman Goudarzi,Cariad Evans,David G Partridge,Katie Johnson,Mehmet Yavus,Mohammad Raza,Craig Mower,Paul Baker,Sarah Essex,Stephen Bonner,Leanne Murray,Louisa K. Watson,Steven P. Liggett,Andrew I. Lawton,Ronan A Lyons,Brendan A I Payne,G Eltringham,Jennifer Collins,Sheila Waugh,Shirelle Burton-Fanning,Yusri Taha,Christopher Jeanes,Andrea N. Gomes,Darren Murray,Maimuna Kimuli,D Dobie,Paula Ashfield,Angus I. Best,Benita Percival,Emma Moles-Garcia,F. Ashford,Jeremy Mirza,L. Crawford,Megan Mayhew,Nicola Cumley,Oliver Megram,Dan Frampton,Judith Heaney,Matthew Byott,C. Houlihan,Charlotte A Williams,Eleni Nastouli,Helen Lowe,John A. Hartley,Judith Breuer,Laurentiu Maftei,Leah Ensell,Marius Cotic,Matteo Mondani,Molly Driscoll,N. Bayzid,Rachel Williams,Sunando Sur Roy,Adhyana I K Mahanama,Buddhini Samaraweera,Eleri Wilson-Davies,Emanuela Pelosi,H.C Umpleby,Helen Wheeler,Jacqui Prieto,Kordo Saeed,Matthew Harvey,Sarah Jeremiah,Siona Silviera,Stephen Aplin,T. Sass,BS Macklin,Dorian Crudgington,Liz Sheridan,Benjamin J. Cogger,Cassandra Malone,Florence Munemo,Hannah Huckson,Jonathan Lewis,Lisa J. Easton,Manasa Mutingwende,Michelle J. Erkiert,Mohammed O. Hassan-Ibrahim,N. Chaloner,Olga Podplomyk,Paul Randell,Roberto Nicodemi,Sarah L. Lowdon,Thomas Somassa,Andrew Beggs,Andrew Hesketh,Colin P. Smith,Giselda Bucca,Christopher Ruis,Claire Cormie,Ellen E. Higginson,Jamie Young,Joana Dias,L. Kermack,Mailis Maes,Ravi Gupta,Sally Forrest,Sophia T. Girgis,Rose K Davidson,Áine O'Toole,Andrew Rambaut,Ben Jackson,Carlos Balcazar,Daniel S. Maloney,Emily Scher,J. McCrone,Katherine A. Williamson,Michael D. Gallagher,Nathan C Medd,Rachel M. Colquhoun,Thomas D. Stanton,Thomas C Williams,Verity Hill,Aaron R. Jeffries,Ben Temperton,Christine Sambles,David J. Studholme,Joanna Warwick-Dugdale,Leigh Jackson,Michelle Michelsen,R. Manley,Stephen L. Michell,Alistair C. Darby,Anita Lucaci,Charlotte Nelson,Claudia Wierzbicki,Edith E. Vamos,Hermione J. Webster,Kathryn A. Jackson,Lucille Rainbow,Margaret Lawrence Hughes,Mark Whitehead,Matthew Gemmell,Miren Iturriza-Gomara,Richard Eccles,Richard Gregory,Sam Haldenby,Steve Paterson,Adrienn Angyal,Alexander J Keeley,Benjamin Foulkes,Benjamin B Lindsey,Dennis Wang,Hailey Hornsby,Luke R. Green,Manoj Baliram Pohare,M. Gallis,Matthew Parker,M. Whiteley,Nikki Smith,P. Wolverson,Peijun Zhang,Samantha Hansford,Sharon N. Hsu,S. Louka,Thushan I de Silva,Timothy M. Freeman,Matilde Mori,Emily J. Park,Jack Hill,Jayasree Dey,Jonathan K. Ball,Joseph G. Chappell,Patrick McClure,Timothy Byaruhanga,A Fanaie,Geraldine Yaze,Rachel A. Hilson,Amy Trebes,Angie Green,David Buck,G. Macintyre-Cockett,John A. Todd,Andrew R. Bassett,Andrew Whitwham,Cordelia Langford,Diana Rajan,Dominic P. Kwiatkowski,J. Harrison,Iraad F. Bronner,Jaime M. Tovar-Corona,Jennifier Liddle,Jillian Durham,Katherine L. Bellis,Kevin Lewis,Louise Aigrain,Nicholas Redshaw,Robert L. Davies,Robin J. Moll,Shane A. McCarthy,Stefanie V Lensing,Steven Leonard,Ben Farr,C. Scott,Charlotte M. Beaver,Cristina V. Ariani,Da Weldon,David Jackson,Emma Betteridge,Gerry Tonkin-Hill,Ian Johnston,Inigo Martincorena,James K. Bonfield,Jeffrey C. Barrett,John Sillitoe,J P Keatley,Karen A. Oliver,Keith James,Lesley Shirley,Liam J. Prestwood,Luke Foulser,Marina Gourtovaia,Matthew J. Dorman,Michael A. Quail,Michael Spencer Chapman,Naomi Park,Rich Livett,Roberto Amato,Sally Kay,Scott Goodwin,Scott Thurston,Shavanthi Rajatileka,Sónia Gonçalves,Stephanie Lo,Theo Sanderson,Alasdair MacLean,Emily Goldstein,Lynne Ferguson,Rachael M. Tomb,Jana Catalan,Neil Jones,John Haughney,Massimo Palmarini,Surajit Ray +672 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate substantial evasion of neutralization by Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants in vitro using sera from individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273.529.
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The hyper-transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant exhibits significant antigenic change, vaccine escape and a switch in cell entry mechanism
Brian J. Willett,Joe Grove,Oscar A. MacLean,Craig Wilkie,Nicola S Logan,Giuditta De Lorenzo,Wilhelm Furnon,Samuel Scott,M. Manali,Agnieszka M. Szemiel,Shirin Ashraf,Elen Vink,William T. Harvey,Chris Davis,Richard J. Orton,Joseph Hughes,P Holland,Vanessa K. A. Silva,David J Pascall,Kathryn Puxty,Ana da Silva Filipe,Gonzalo Yebra,Sharif Shaaban Muhammad Shaaban,Matthew T. G. Holden,Rute Maria Pinto,Rory Gunson,Kate Templeton,Pablo R. Murcia,Arvind H. Patel,John Haughney,David Robertson,Massimo Palmarini,Surajit Ray,E. Thomson +33 more
TL;DR: It is shown that immunity from natural infection (without vaccination) is more protective than two doses of vaccine but inferior to three doses, and fundamental changes in the Omicron entry process in vitro, towards TMPRSS2-independent fusion, representing a major shift in the replication properties of SARS-CoV-2.
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The role of high cholesterol in age-related COVID19 lethality
Hao Wang,Zixuan Yuan,Mahmud Arif Pavel,Sonia Mediouni Jablonski,Joseph A. Jablonski,Robert J. Hobson,Susana T. Valente,Chakravarthy Reddy,Scott B. Hansen +8 more
TL;DR: Loading cells with cholesterol from blood serum using the cholesterol transport protein apolipoprotein E (apoE) enhances the entry of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 and the infectivity of the virion, and proposes a component of COVID19 severity based on tissue cholesterol level and the sensitivity of ACE2 and furin to cholesterol.
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Functional evaluation of proteolytic activation for the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: role of the P681H mutation
TL;DR: In this paper, the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.7 variant was found to have a higher than typical level of point mutants across its genome, including P681H in the spike S1/S2 cleavage site.
References
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Dami A. Collier,Dami A. Collier,Anna De Marco,Isabella Ferreira,Bo Meng,Rawlings Datir,Rawlings Datir,Alexandra C. Walls,Steven Kemp,Steven Kemp,Jessica Bassi,Dora Pinto,Chiara Silacci-Fregni,Siro Bianchi,M. Alejandra Tortorici,John E. Bowen,Katja Culap,Stefano Jaconi,Elisabetta Cameroni,Gyorgy Snell,Matteo Samuele Pizzuto,Alessandra Franzetti Pellanda,Christian Garzoni,Agostino Riva,Anne Elmer,Nathalie Kingston,Barbara J. Graves,Laura E. McCoy,Kenneth G. C. Smith,John Bradley,Nigel J. Temperton,Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez,Gabriela Barcenas-Morales,William T. Harvey,Herbert W. Virgin,Antonio Lanzavecchia,Luca Piccoli,Rainer Doffinger,Mark R. Wills,David Veesler,Davide Corti,Ravindra K. Gupta +41 more
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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7 in England: Insights from linking epidemiological and genetic data
Erik M. Volz,Swapnil Mishra,Meera Chand,Jeffrey C. Barrett,Robert Johnson,Lily Geidelberg,Wes Hinsley,Daniel J Laydon,Gavin Dabrera,Áine O'Toole,Roberto Amato,Manon Ragonnet-Cronin,Ian Harrison,Ben Jackson,Cristina V. Ariani,Olivia Boyd,Nicholas J. Loman,John T. McCrone,Sónia Gonçalves,David Jorgensen,Richard M. Myers,Verity Hill,David K. Jackson,Katy A. M. Gaythorpe,Natalie Groves,John Sillitoe,Dominic P. Kwiatkowski,Cog-Uk,Seth Flaxman,Oliver Ratman,Samir Bhatt,Susan Hopkins,Axel Gandy,Andrew Rambaut,Neil M. Ferguson +34 more
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A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein.
Hong Zhou,Xing Chen,Tao Hu,Juan Li,Hao Song,Yanran Liu,Peihan Wang,Di Liu,Jing Yang,Edward C. Holmes,Alice C. Hughes,Yuhai Bi,Weifeng Shi +12 more
TL;DR: Critically, and in a similar manner to SARS-CoV-2, RmYN02 was characterized by the insertion of multiple amino acids at the junction site of the S1 and S2 subunits of the spike (S) protein, providing strong evidence that such insertion events can occur naturally in animal betacoronaviruses.
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SARS-CoV-2 and bat RaTG13 spike glycoprotein structures inform on virus evolution and furin-cleavage effects.
A.G. Wrobel,D.J. Benton,Pengqi Xu,Pengqi Xu,Chloe Roustan,Stephen R. Martin,Peter B. Rosenthal,John J. Skehel,Steven J. Gamblin +8 more
TL;DR: Cryo-EM and functional analyses of furin-cleaved spike from SARS-CoV-2 and the closely related spike from bat virus RaTG13 reveal differences in protein stability and binding to human receptor ACE2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recurrent deletions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein drive antibody escape.
Kevin R. McCarthy,Kevin R. McCarthy,Linda J. Rennick,Sham Nambulli,Lindsey R. Robinson-McCarthy,William Bain,Ghady Haidar,W. Paul Duprex +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that recurrent deletions overcome this slow substitution rate and accelerate SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution and may, more generally, drive adaptive evolution.
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