How Do Filamentous Pathogens Deliver Effector Proteins into Plant Cells
Benjamin Petre,Sophien Kamoun +1 more
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TLDR
The Unsolved Mystery discusses the various current opinions and proposes an urgent need for novel experimental approaches to solve the mystery of how potentially devastating fungal effectors reach the host cytoplasm.Abstract:
Fungal and oomycete plant parasites are among the most devastating pathogens of food crops. These microbes secrete effector proteins inside plant cells to manipulate host processes and facilitate colonization. How these effectors reach the host cytoplasm remains an unclear and debated area of plant research. In this article, we examine recent conflicting findings that have generated discussion in the field. We also highlight promising approaches based on studies of both parasite and host during infection. Ultimately, this knowledge may inform future broad spectrum strategies for protecting crops from such pathogens.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fungal Effectors and Plant Susceptibility
Libera Lo Presti,Daniel Lanver,Gabriel Schweizer,Shigeyuki Tanaka,Liang Liang,Marie Tollot,Alga Zuccaro,Stefanie Reissmann,Regine Kahmann +8 more
TL;DR: This review describes the effector repertoires of 84 plant-colonizing fungi and focuses on the mechanisms that allow these fungal effectors to promote virulence or compatibility, discuss common plant nodes that are targeted by effectors, and provide recent insights into effector evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant-Pathogen Effectors: Cellular Probes Interfering with Plant Defenses in Spatial and Temporal Manners.
TL;DR: This review covers recent advances in the field of effector biology, focusing on conserved cellular processes targeted by effectors from diverse pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
EffectorP: predicting fungal effector proteins from secretomes using machine learning.
Jana Sperschneider,Donald M. Gardiner,Peter N. Dodds,Francesco Tini,Francesco Tini,Lorenzo Covarelli,Karam B. Singh,John M. Manners,Jennifer M. Taylor +8 more
TL;DR: EffectorP is the first prediction program for fungal effectors based on machine learning and will facilitate functionalfungal effector studies and improve the understanding of effectors in plant-pathogen interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Filamentous pathogen effector functions: of pathogens, hosts and microbiomes
TL;DR: Part of the effector catalog may target microbiome co-inhabitants rather than host physiology, as pathogens not only deal with immune responses during host colonization, but also encounter other microbes including competitors, (myco)parasites and even potential co-operators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elucidating the Role of Effectors in Plant-Fungal Interactions: Progress and Challenges
TL;DR: The role of specific effectors found in biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi are discussed and how CRISPR/Cas9 technology may provide a new avenue for accelerating the discovery of fungal effector function is examined.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health.
Matthew C. Fisher,Daniel A. Henk,Cheryl J. Briggs,John S. Brownstein,Lawrence C. Madoff,Sarah L. McCraw,Sarah J. Gurr +6 more
TL;DR: It is argued that nascent fungal infections will cause increasing attrition of biodiversity, with wider implications for human and ecosystem health, unless steps are taken to tighten biosecurity worldwide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans.
Brian J. Haas,Sophien Kamoun,Sophien Kamoun,Michael C. Zody,Michael C. Zody,Rays H. Y. Jiang,Rays H. Y. Jiang,Robert E. Handsaker,Liliana M. Cano,Manfred Grabherr,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Sylvain Raffaele,Trudy Torto-Alalibo,Trudy Torto-Alalibo,Tolga O. Bozkurt,Audrey M. V. Ah-Fong,Lucia Alvarado,Vicky L. Anderson,Miles R. Armstrong,Anna O. Avrova,Laura Baxter,Jim Beynon,Petra C. Boevink,Stephanie R. Bollmann,Jorunn I. B. Bos,Vincent Bulone,Guohong Cai,Cahid Cakir,James C. Carrington,Megan Chawner,Lucio Conti,Stefano Costanzo,Richard Ewan,Noah Fahlgren,Michael A. Fischbach,Johanna Fugelstad,Eleanor M. Gilroy,Sante Gnerre,Pamela J. Green,Laura J. Grenville-Briggs,John Griffith,Niklaus J. Grünwald,Karolyn Horn,Neil R. Horner,Chia-Hui Hu,Edgar Huitema,Dong-Hoon Jeong,Alexandra M. E. Jones,Jonathan D. G. Jones,Richard W. Jones,Elinor K. Karlsson,Sridhara G. Kunjeti,Kurt Lamour,Zhenyu Liu,Li-Jun Ma,Dan MacLean,Marcus C. Chibucos,Hayes McDonald,Jessica McWalters,Harold J. G. Meijer,William Morgan,Paul Morris,Carol A. Munro,Keith O'Neill,Keith O'Neill,Manuel D. Ospina-Giraldo,Andrés Pinzón,Leighton Pritchard,Bernard H Ramsahoye,Qinghu Ren,Silvia Restrepo,Sourav Roy,Ari Sadanandom,Alon Savidor,Sebastian Schornack,David C. Schwartz,Ulrike Schumann,Ben Schwessinger,Lauren Seyer,Ted Sharpe,Cristina Silvar,Jing Song,David J. Studholme,Sean M. Sykes,Marco Thines,Marco Thines,Peter J. I. van de Vondervoort,Vipaporn Phuntumart,Stephan Wawra,R. Weide,Joe Win,Carolyn A. Young,Shiguo Zhou,William E. Fry,Blake C. Meyers,Pieter van West,Jean B. Ristaino,Francine Govers,Paul R. J. Birch,Stephen C. Whisson,Howard S. Judelson,Chad Nusbaum +102 more
TL;DR: The sequence of the P. infestans genome is reported, which at ∼240 megabases (Mb) is by far the largest and most complex genome sequenced so far in the chromalveolates and probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential.
Journal ArticleDOI
A translocation signal for delivery of oomycete effector proteins into host plant cells
Stephen C. Whisson,Petra C. Boevink,Lucy N. Moleleki,Anna O. Avrova,Juan G. Morales,Eleanor M. Gilroy,Miles R. Armstrong,Severine Grouffaud,Severine Grouffaud,Pieter van West,Sean Chapman,Ingo Hein,Ian K. Toth,Leighton Pritchard,Paul R. J. Birch +14 more
TL;DR: Functional analyses of two motifs, RXLR and EER, present in translocated oomycete effectors are reported, showing that RXLR-EER-encoding genes are transcriptionally upregulated during infection and 425 potential genes encoding secreted RXLR/EER class proteins in the P. infestans genome are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome expansion and gene loss in powdery mildew fungi reveal tradeoffs in extreme parasitism
Pietro Spanu,James Abbott,Joelle Amselem,Timothy A. Burgis,Darren M. Soanes,Kurt Stüber,Emiel Ver Loren van Themaat,James K. M. Brown,Sarah Butcher,Sarah J. Gurr,Marc-Henri Lebrun,Christopher J. Ridout,Paul Schulze-Lefert,Nicholas J. Talbot,Nahal Ahmadinejad,Christian Ametz,Geraint Barton,Mariam Benjdia,Przemyslaw Bidzinski,Laurence V. Bindschedler,Maike Both,Marin Talbot Brewer,Lance Cadle-Davidson,Lance Cadle-Davidson,Molly Cadle-Davidson,Jérôme Collemare,Rainer Cramer,Omer Frenkel,Dale Godfrey,James Harriman,Claire Hoede,Brian C. King,Sven Klages,Jochen Kleemann,Daniela Knoll,Prasanna Koti,Jonathan Kreplak,Francisco J. Lopez-Ruiz,Xunli Lu,Takaki Maekawa,Siraprapa Mahanil,Cristina Micali,Michael G. Milgroom,Giovanni Montana,Sandra Noir,Richard J. O'Connell,Simone Oberhaensli,Francis Parlange,Carsten Pedersen,Hadi Quesneville,Richard Reinhardt,Matthias Rott,Soledad Sacristán,Sarah M. Schmidt,Moritz Schön,Pari Skamnioti,Hans Sommer,Amber E. Stephens,Hiroyuki Takahara,Hans Thordal-Christensen,Marielle Vigouroux,Ralf Weßling,Thomas Wicker,Ralph Panstruga +63 more
TL;DR: A group of papers analyzes pathogen genomes to find the roots of virulence, opportunism, and life-style determinants in plant pathogens, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi
Sébastien Duplessis,Christina A. Cuomo,Yao-Cheng Lin,Andrea Aerts,Emilie Tisserant,Claire Veneault-Fourrey,David L. Joly,Stéphane Hacquard,Stéphane Hacquard,Joelle Amselem,Brandi L. Cantarel,Readman Chiu,Pedro M. Coutinho,Nicolas Feau,Nicolas Feau,Matthew A. Field,Pascal Frey,Eric Gelhaye,Jonathan M. Goldberg,Manfred Grabherr,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Annegret Kohler,Ursula Kües,Erika Lindquist,Susan Lucas,Rohit Mago,Evan Mauceli,Emmanuelle Morin,Claude Murat,Jasmyn Pangilinan,Robert F. Park,Matthew Pearson,Hadi Quesneville,Nicolas Rouhier,Sharadha Sakthikumar,Asaf Salamov,Jeremy Schmutz,Benjamin Selles,Harris Shapiro,Philippe Tanguay,Gerald A. Tuskan,Gerald A. Tuskan,Bernard Henrissat,Yves Van de Peer,Pierre Rouzé,Jeffrey G. Ellis,Peter N. Dodds,Jacqueline E. Schein,Shaobin Zhong,Shaobin Zhong,Richard C. Hamelin,Igor V. Grigoriev,Les J. Szabo,Francis Martin +54 more
TL;DR: The dramatic up-regulation of transcripts coding for small secreted proteins, secreted hydrolytic enzymes, and transporters in planta suggests that they play a role in host infection and nutrient acquisition.
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Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans.
Brian J. Haas,Sophien Kamoun,Sophien Kamoun,Michael C. Zody,Michael C. Zody,Rays H. Y. Jiang,Rays H. Y. Jiang,Robert E. Handsaker,Liliana M. Cano,Manfred Grabherr,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Sylvain Raffaele,Trudy Torto-Alalibo,Trudy Torto-Alalibo,Tolga O. Bozkurt,Audrey M. V. Ah-Fong,Lucia Alvarado,Vicky L. Anderson,Miles R. Armstrong,Anna O. Avrova,Laura Baxter,Jim Beynon,Petra C. Boevink,Stephanie R. Bollmann,Jorunn I. B. Bos,Vincent Bulone,Guohong Cai,Cahid Cakir,James C. Carrington,Megan Chawner,Lucio Conti,Stefano Costanzo,Richard Ewan,Noah Fahlgren,Michael A. Fischbach,Johanna Fugelstad,Eleanor M. Gilroy,Sante Gnerre,Pamela J. Green,Laura J. Grenville-Briggs,John Griffith,Niklaus J. Grünwald,Karolyn Horn,Neil R. Horner,Chia-Hui Hu,Edgar Huitema,Dong-Hoon Jeong,Alexandra M. E. Jones,Jonathan D. G. Jones,Richard W. Jones,Elinor K. Karlsson,Sridhara G. Kunjeti,Kurt Lamour,Zhenyu Liu,Li-Jun Ma,Dan MacLean,Marcus C. Chibucos,Hayes McDonald,Jessica McWalters,Harold J. G. Meijer,William Morgan,Paul Morris,Carol A. Munro,Keith O'Neill,Keith O'Neill,Manuel D. Ospina-Giraldo,Andrés Pinzón,Leighton Pritchard,Bernard H Ramsahoye,Qinghu Ren,Silvia Restrepo,Sourav Roy,Ari Sadanandom,Alon Savidor,Sebastian Schornack,David C. Schwartz,Ulrike Schumann,Ben Schwessinger,Lauren Seyer,Ted Sharpe,Cristina Silvar,Jing Song,David J. Studholme,Sean M. Sykes,Marco Thines,Marco Thines,Peter J. I. van de Vondervoort,Vipaporn Phuntumart,Stephan Wawra,R. Weide,Joe Win,Carolyn A. Young,Shiguo Zhou,William E. Fry,Blake C. Meyers,Pieter van West,Jean B. Ristaino,Francine Govers,Paul R. J. Birch,Stephen C. Whisson,Howard S. Judelson,Chad Nusbaum +102 more