Journal ArticleDOI
Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
TLDR
An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.Abstract:
The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.read more
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The transtheoretical model of behavior change: a meta-analysis of applications to physical activity and exercise.
TL;DR: Results support the application of the transtheoretical model (TTM) in the physical activity domain by using the quantitative method of meta-analysis and there are sufficient data to confirm that stage membership is associated with different levels of physical activity, self-efficacy, pros and cons, and processes of change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses on pregnancy outcomes, childhood injuries, and repeated childbearing : a randomized controlled trial
Harriet Kitzman,David L. Olds,Charles R. Henderson,Carole Hanks,Robert Cole,Robert Tatelbaum,Kenneth M. McConnochie,Kimberly Sidora,Dennis W. Luckey,David Shaver,Kay Engelhardt,David C. James,Kathryn Barnard +12 more
TL;DR: This program of home visitation by nurses can reduce pregnancy-induced hypertension, childhood injuries, and subsequent pregnancies among low-income women with no previous live births.
Journal ArticleDOI
The hope construct, will, and ways: Their relations with self-efficacy, optimism, and general well-being.
Philip R. Magaletta,J. M. Oliver +1 more
TL;DR: Results of multiple regression analyses predicting well-being indicated that hope taken as a whole predicts unique variance independent of self-efficacy and optimism, while will, ways, self- efficacy, and optimism are related but not identical constructs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity: Integration of the Literature and Directions for Future Research
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for organizing role conflict and ambiguity research is proposed, which may assist in consolidating the field and providing an understanding of where we are, what is left to be done and, therefore, direction for future role conflict/ambiguity research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Web retailing adoption: exploring the nature of internet users Web retailing behaviour
Aron O'Cass,Tino Oresti Fenech +1 more
TL;DR: The findings indicate that TAM is a valid theoretical framework to understand users adoption of the Web for retail purposes, and Internet users’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were effected differentially by Opinion Leadership, Web Shopping Compatibility, Internet Self-Efficacy, Perceived Web Security, Impulsiveness, Satisfaction with web sites, and Shopping Orientation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social learning theory
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
Book
Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence
TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
TL;DR: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449) as mentioned in this paper.