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Journal ArticleDOI

Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.

Albert Bandura
- 01 Mar 1977 - 
- Vol. 84, Iss: 2, pp 191-215
TLDR
An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.
Abstract
The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.

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Citations
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A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Organizational Behavior Modification on Task Performance, 1975–95

TL;DR: A primary meta-analysis indicated a significant main effect of the organizational behavior modification (O.B. Mod.) approach on task performance (d. =.51; a 17 percent increase) and a s... as mentioned in this paper.
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Developmental Regulation Across Adulthood: Primary and Secondary Control of Age-Related Challenges

TL;DR: At increasing age, the participants expressed greater awareness of a reduced potential for growth and control, as shown in greater goal flexibility, more satisfaction with present life, and identification with younger age groups.
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Perceived Personal Control and Academic Achievement

TL;DR: In this article, the conceptualization and measurement of the control dimension is discussed from three theoretical perspectives: social learning theory, attribution theory, and intrinsic motivation theories, and evidence on the relationship between achievement and perceptions of control is summarized, and possible explanations for the relationship are discussed.
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A Review and Meta-Analysis of Affective Judgments and Physical Activity in Adult Populations

TL;DR: The results point to a medium-effect size relationship between AJ and physical activity, and interventions that change AJ are scarce despite their potential for changing physical activity.
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Preservice teachers’ culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy and outcome expectancy beliefs

TL;DR: Siwatu et al. as mentioned in this paper found that preservice teachers are more efficacious in their ability to help students feel like important members of the classroom and develop positive, personal relationships with their students than they are in the ability to communicate with English Language Learners.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI

Social learning theory

TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.

TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
Book

Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence

TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.

TL;DR: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449) as mentioned in this paper.
Trending Questions (1)
What are the key components of a theory of change in mental health?

The key components of a theory of change in mental health include self-efficacy, cognitive processes, mastery experiences, and performance-based procedures.