Journal ArticleDOI
Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
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TLDR
An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.Abstract:
The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.read more
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First principles of motivation to learn and e 3 -learning
TL;DR: Five first principles of motivation and volition that characterize learning systems that effectively motivate students are introduced in this article and are applied to e3‐learning.
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Psychological responses matter in returning to preinjury level of sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.
TL;DR: Psychological responses before surgery and in early recovery were associated with returning to preinjury level of sport at 12 months, suggesting that attention to psychological recovery in addition to physical recovery after ACL injury and reconstruction surgery may be warranted.
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Patterns of Change: Dynamic Typology Applied to Smoking Cessation.
TL;DR: Patterns of change occurring in a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of 14 variables were investigated in a two-year study of self-change approaches to smoking cessation and the mountain metaphor can be used as an organizing principle for developing models of change.
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Behavioral and Social Influences on Food Choice
Mph Marion Nestle PhD,Rena R. Wing,Leann L. Birch,Lorelei DiSogra,Adam Drewnowski,Suzette J. Middleton,Madeleine Sigman-Grant,Jeffery Sobal,Mary Winston,Christina D. Economos +9 more
TL;DR: The next generation of food scientists and dietitians will be inspired by the efforts of the past generation to promote healthy eating and healthy lifestyles.
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Relapse Prevention: Introduction and Overview of the Model
TL;DR: In contrast with traditional approaches that overemphasize initial habit change, RP focuses more on the maintenance phase of the habit change process, so relapse is not viewed merely as an indicator of treatment failure.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social learning theory
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
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Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence
TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
TL;DR: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449) as mentioned in this paper.