Journal ArticleDOI
Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
TLDR
An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.Abstract:
The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
An interest researcher's perspective: The effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on motivation.
TL;DR: The authors discusses interest researchers' conceptualization of interest and describes how interest relates to intrinsic motivation and suggests that extrinsic factors play an inevitable and increasingly more important role in motivating students as they progress through their education.
Journal ArticleDOI
Including others in the self
Arthur Aron,Tracy McLaughlin-Volpe,Debra Mashek,Gary W. Lewandowski,Stephen C. Wright,Elaine N. Aron +5 more
TL;DR: The authors proposed that people treat the resources, perspectives, and identities of close others as their own, and applied this idea to deepening understanding of feeling "too close" (including too much of the other in the self leading to feeling controlled or a loss of identity).
Journal Article
Confidence and Competence in Writing: The Role of Self -Efficacy, Outcome Expectancy, and Apprehension
TL;DR: This article investigated the relationship among self-confidence about writing, expected outcomes, writing apprehension, general selfconfidence, and writing performance in 30 undergraduate preservice teachers over one semester and found that students' beliefs about their own composition skills and the pre-performance measure were the only significant predictors.
Journal ArticleDOI
How does pain lead to disability? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies in people with back and neck pain.
Hopin Lee,Markus Hübscher,G L Moseley,Steven J. Kamper,Adrian C Traeger,Gemma Mansell,James H. McAuley +6 more
TL;DR: There are significant mediating effects of self-efficacy, psychological distress, and fear, which underpins the direct targeting of these constructs in treatment in people with low back pain or neck pain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social Problem-Solving Therapy for Unipolar Depression: An Initial Dismantling Investigation.
Arthur M. Nezu,Michael G. Perri +1 more
TL;DR: A dismantling research design provides findings that indicate problem-solving to be an effective cognitive-behavioral treatment approach for depression, thereby extending previous research and underscore the importance of including problem-orientation training.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social learning theory
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
Book
Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence
TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
TL;DR: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449) as mentioned in this paper.