Journal ArticleDOI
Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
TLDR
An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.Abstract:
The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Supervisory Working Alliance, Trainee Self‐Efficacy, and Satisfaction
TL;DR: In this article, a large sample of beginning practicum-to intern-level trainees were assessed at the beginning and end of an academic semester and found that changes in the supervisory working alliance were not predictive of changes in trainees' self-efficacy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding user acceptance of digital libraries: what are the roles of interface characteristics, organizational context, and individual differences?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used TAM to understand user acceptance of digital libraries by utilizing three system interface characteristics, three organizational context variables, and three individual differences are identified as critical external variables that have impact on adoption intention through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the digital library.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of social ties and self-efficacy in forming entrepreneurial intentions and motivating nascent behavior
TL;DR: The authors found that a personal network of supportive strong ties coupled with high entrepreneurial self-efficacy increases the likelihood of entrepreneurial intentions and nascent behavior, while weak ties with practical business knowledge and experience have little effect on either intentions or nascent behavior and may suppress both.
Journal ArticleDOI
The architecture of personality.
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical framework for analyzing psychological systems that contribute to the variability, consistency, and cross-situational coherence of personality functioning is presented, where personality structures and processes are delineated by combining two principles: distinctions between knowledge structures and appraisal processes and among intentional cognitions with varying directions of fit.
Journal ArticleDOI
improving health outcomes with better patient understanding and education
TL;DR: This review considers three other issues that may be important in increasing the public health impact of patient education, including health literacy, choice architecture, and better means of evaluating the impact of programs on public health.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social learning theory
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
Book
Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence
TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
TL;DR: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449) as mentioned in this paper.