Annamalai University

About: Annamalai University is a education organization based out in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Lipid peroxidation & Antioxidant. The organization has 8098 authors who have published 10758 publications receiving 203872 citations.

Garlic and neem leaf extracts enhance hepatic glutathione and glutathione dependent enzymes during N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in rats.

Abstract: The protective effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and neem leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) was investigated on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. Enhanced lipid peroxidation in the liver of tumour-bearing animals was accompanied by significant decreases in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Administration of garlic and neem leaf extracts significantly lowered lipid peroxidation and enhanced the hepatic levels of glutathione and glutathione dependent enzymes. We speculate that garlic and neem leaf significantly alter cancer development at extrahepatic sites by influencing hepatic biotransformation enzymes and antioxidants.

Larvicidal efficacy of Ficus benghalensis L. plant leaf extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Aedes aegypti L. and Anopheles stephensi L. (Diptera: Culicidae).

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the larvicidal efficacy of different extracts of Ficus benghalensis L. against Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Aedes aegypti L. and Anopheles stephensi L. (Diptera: Culicidae). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Larvicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of Ficus benghalensis with three different solvents like methanol, benzene and acetone was tested against the early second, third, fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. RESULTS: The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of treatment. Among the three solvents the maximum efficacy was observed in methanol. The letal concentration (LC50) values of Ficus benghalensis against early second, third and fourth larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes Aegypti and Anopheles stephensi were 41.43, 58.21 and 74.32 ppm, 56.54, 70.29 and 80.85 ppm and 60.44, 76.41 and 89.55 ppm respectively. No mortality was observed in controls. The chi-square value were significant at p < 0.05 level. CONCLUSION: The methanol extract of F. benghalensis showed good larvicidal activity against three vector mosquitoes.

Caffeic acid modulates ultraviolet radiation-B induced oxidative damage in human blood lymphocytes.

Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes inflammation, gene mutation and immunosuppressin in the human skin cells. These biological changes are responsible for photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Normal lymphocytes are highly sensitive to the damaging effect of UV-radiation and undergo cell death. In the present study, the photoprotective effect of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxy cinnamic acid), a dietary phenolic compound, has been examined in the UVB (280-320) irradiated human blood lymphocytes. Lymphocytes pretreated with increasing concentration of caffeic acid (l, 5 and 10 microg/mL) for 30min were irradiated and lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence status, cell viability (by MTT assay) and DNA damage (by comet assay) were examined. UVB-irradiation causes increased levels of lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and decreased antioxidant status, cell viability in human lymphocytes. Caffeic acid pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation markers i.e. thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LPH), conjugated diene (CD) and decreased DNA damage (tail length and % tail DNA) in UVB-irradiated lymphocytes. Further, caffeic acid pretreatment significantly maintains antioxidant status and decreased UVB-induced cytotoxicity. The maximum dose of caffeic acid (l0 microg/mL) normalized the UVB induced cellular changes indicating the photoprotective effect of caffeic acid in irradiated lymphocytes.