Annamalai University

About: Annamalai University is a education organization based out in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Lipid peroxidation & Antioxidant. The organization has 8098 authors who have published 10758 publications receiving 203872 citations.

Insulin sensitizing actions of fenugreek seed polyphenols, quercetin & metformin in a rat model.

Abstract: 6 and 7 served as FPEt and quercetin controls respectively. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done on day 59 to assess glucose tolerance. At the end of 60 days, the levels of glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured in the blood and the activities of insulin-inducible and suppressible enzymes in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of liver and skeletal muscle. The extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in response to insulin was determined by assaying protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) in liver. Results: Fructose caused increased levels of glucose, insulin, TG and FFA, alterations in insulin sensitivity indices, enzyme activities and reduced glycogen content. Higher PTP activity and lower PTK activity suggest reduced tyrosine phosphorylation status. Administration of FPEt or quercetin improved insulin sensitivity and tyrosine phosphorylation in fructose-fed animals and the effect was comparable with that of metformin. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings indicated that FPEt and quercetin improved insulin signaling and sensitivity and thereby promoted the cellular actions of insulin in this model.

In vitro antioxidant properties and FTIR analysis of two seaweeds of Gulf of Mannar

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Sargassum wightii (S. wightii) and Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca). Methods Dried seaweeds of S. wightii and U. lactuca were tested for total phenolic content. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Functional groups of two seaweeds were analysed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results The highest total phenolic content was observed in S. wightii (0.65±0.02 mg GAE/g) when compared with U. lactuca. In vitro antioxidant activity of S. wightii showed higher activity in all assays than U. lactuca with the higher total antioxidant activity (123.40±4.00 mg ascorbic acid/g), DPPH radical scavenging activity (108.06±1.02)% and ferric reducing antioxidant power (153.40±1.41 mg GAE/g). FITR spectrum of standard gallic acid was compared with seaweeds and same number of peaks lying between 449.32 and 3 495.89 cm-1 and 462.89 and 3 407.05 cm −1 was recorded. Conclusions These results show that S. wightii has higher antioxidant capacity than U. lactuca. Further study is necessary to exploit the multifunctional properties of seaweeds which will be usefull to treat many diseases.

Cardioprotective Effect of Oleanolic Acid on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Ischemia in Rats

Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of oleanolic acid (OA) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia in rat myocardium. Wistar strain rats were pretreated with OA (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg, s.c) for 7 days and then intoxicated with isoproterenol (ISO, 85 mg/kg, sc for 2 consecutive days). Heart were excised from the experimental animals and assessed for the activities of marker enzymes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK)], the levels of lipid peroxide products [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (HP) and conjugated dienes (CD)], myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol, ester cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and phospholipids (PL)], and membrane-bound ATPase enzymes (total ATPase, Na(+)K(+) ATPase, Ca(2 +) ATPase, and Mg(2 +) ATPase). Troponin T and I were estimated in plasma. Leakage of cardiac markers, elevated lipid peroxidation with increased lipid profiles and decreased activities of membrane-bound ATPase enzymes were confirmed the severe myocardial damage occurring as a consequence of isoproterenol-induced ischemia, and they also showed the significant improvement effected by oleanolic acid pretreatment. These findings provided evidence that oleanolic acid was found to be protecting rat myocardium against ischemic insult and the protective effect could attribute to its anti-oxidative, anti-hyperlipedemic, and anti-arrhythmic properties as well as its membrane-stabilizing action.