Institution
Brown University
Education•Providence, Rhode Island, United States•
About: Brown University is a education organization based out in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35778 authors who have published 90896 publications receiving 4471489 citations. The organization is also known as: brown.edu & Brown.
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TL;DR: A new geobarometer based on the Al content of igneous hornblendes in equilibrium with melt, fluid, biotite, quartz, sanidine, plagioclase, sphene, and magnetite or ilmenite has been calibrated experimentally as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A new geobarometer based on the Al content of igneous hornblendes in equilibrium with melt, fluid, biotite, quartz, sanidine, plagioclase, sphene, and magnetite or ilmenite has been calibrated experimentally. The calibration was performed by equilibrating the required phase assemblage over the pressure range 2-8 kbar at 740-780C, and then analyzing euhedral hornblendes in equilibrium with glass (melt). Experiments were performed on natural samples of both volcanic and plutonic rocks. Earlier empirical calibrations of this geobarometer relied on analyzing natural hornblendes from plutons with the required phase assemblage and inferring pressure from nearby metamorphic country rocks. The experimental calibration differs from the empirical calibrations, especially above 5 kbar, and shows that the Al content of hornblendes in equilibrium with the required phase assemblage is greater for a given total pressure than previously thought. The geobarometers uncertainty is dramatically reduced. The derived equation is P ({plus minus}0.5 kbar) = 3 {minus}3.46 ({plus minus}0.24) + 4.23 ({plus minus}0.13) (Al{sup T}). The geobarometer is applied to post-Bishop Tuff volcanic rocks from Long Valley caldera, California, and reveals that most rhyodacites in this complex erupted from depths of about 6 km. These eruptions occurred over 500,000 yr, suggesting that the rhyodacitic magma reservoir beneath Longmore » Valley had reached a steady P (depth)-T state.« less
771 citations
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California Institute of Technology1, University of California, Davis2, University of Tennessee3, Imperial College London4, Arizona State University5, United States Geological Survey6, Princeton University7, Indiana University8, University of Nantes9, Brown University10, Goddard Space Flight Center11, Ames Research Center12, State University of New York System13, Jacobs Engineering Group14, Planetary Science Institute15, University of Guelph16, Los Alamos National Laboratory17, University of Toulouse18, Smithsonian Institution19, Washington University in St. Louis20, University of Washington21, University of California, Berkeley22, University of Lyon23, University of Texas at Austin24, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute25, Canadian Space Agency26, NASA Headquarters27, University of New Mexico28, University of Hawaii at Manoa29, Brock University30, Cornell University31, Carnegie Institution for Science32, Massachusetts Institute of Technology33, Lunar and Planetary Institute34
TL;DR: The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy.
Abstract: The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.
770 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the best way to protect salt marshes and the services they provide is through the integrated approach of ecosystem-based management.
Abstract: Salt marshes are among the most abundant, fertile, and accessible coastal habitats on earth, and they provide more ecosystem services to coastal populations than any other environment. Since the Middle Ages, humans have manipulated salt marshes at a grand scale, altering species composition, distribution, and ecosystem function. Here, we review historic and contemporary human activities in marsh ecosystems—exploitation of plant products; conversion to farmland, salt works, and urban land; introduction of non-native species; alteration of coastal hydrology; and metal and nutrient pollution. Unexpectedly, diverse types of impacts can have a similar consequence, turning salt marsh food webs upside down, dramatically increasing top down control. Of the various impacts, invasive species, runaway consumer effects, and sea level rise represent the greatest threats to salt marsh ecosystems. We conclude that the best way to protect salt marshes and the services they provide is through the integrated approach of ecosystem-based management.
770 citations
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TL;DR: Suggestions for good practices in planning, executing, and documenting qualitative studies that are used to support the content validity of PRO instruments to be used in medical product evaluation are offered.
768 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that inanimate surfaces near affected patients commonly become contaminated with MRSA and that the frequency of contamination is affected by the body site at which patients are colonized or infected.
Abstract: Objective:To study the possible role of contaminated environmental surfaces as a reservoir of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals.Design:A prospective culture survey of inanimate objects in the rooms of patients with MRSA.Setting:A 200-bed university-affiliated teaching hospital.Patients:Thirty-eight consecutive patients colonized or infected with MRSA. Patients represented endemic MRSA cases.Results:Ninety-six (27%) of 350 surfaces sampled in the rooms of affected patients were contaminated with MRSA. When patients had MRSA in a wound or urine, 36% of surfaces were contaminated. In contrast, when MRSA was isolated from other body sites, only 6% of surfaces were contaminated (odds ratio, 8.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.725.5; Pく.0001). Environmental contamination occurred in the rooms of 73% of infected patients and 69% of colonized patients. Frequently contaminated objects included the floor, bed linens, the patient's gown, overbed tables, and blood pressure cuffs. Sixty-five percent of nurses who had performed morning patient-care activities on patients with MRSA in a wound or urine contaminated their nursing uniforms or gowns with MRSA. Forty-two percent of personnel who had no direct contact with such patients, but had touched contaminated surfaces, contaminated their gloves with MRSA.Conclusions:We concluded that inanimate surfaces near affected patients commonly become contaminated with MRSA and that the frequency of contamination is affected by the body site at which patients are colonized or infected. That personnel may contaminate their gloves (or possibly their hands) by touching such surfaces suggests that contaminated environmental surfaces may serve as a reservoir of MRSA in hospitals.
768 citations
Authors
Showing all 36143 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Joan Massagué | 189 | 408 | 149951 |
Joseph Biederman | 179 | 1012 | 117440 |
Gonçalo R. Abecasis | 179 | 595 | 230323 |
James F. Sallis | 169 | 825 | 144836 |
Steven N. Blair | 165 | 879 | 132929 |
Charles M. Lieber | 165 | 521 | 132811 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Christopher J. O'Donnell | 159 | 869 | 126278 |
Charles M. Perou | 156 | 573 | 202951 |
David J. Mooney | 156 | 695 | 94172 |
Richard J. Davidson | 156 | 602 | 91414 |