Charles University in Prague

About: Charles University in Prague is a education organization based out in Prague, Czechia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 32392 authors who have published 74435 publications receiving 1804208 citations.

Climate classification revisited: from Köppen to Trewartha

Abstract: The analysis of climate patterns can be performed separately for each climatic vari- able or the data can be aggregated, for example, by using a climate classification. These classifi- cations usually correspond to vegetation distribution, in the sense that each climate type is domi- nated by one vegetation zone or eco-region. Thus, climatic classifications also represent a con - venient tool for the validation of climate models and for the analysis of simulated future climate changes. Basic concepts are presented by applying climate classification to the global Climate Research Unit (CRU) TS 3.1 global dataset. We focus on definitions of climate types according to the Koppen-Trewartha climate classification (KTC) with special attention given to the distinction between wet and dry climates. The distribution of KTC types is compared with the original Kop- pen classification (KCC) for the period 1961�1990. In addition, we provide an analysis of the time development of the distribution of KTC types throughout the 20th century. There are observable changes identified in some subtypes, especially semi-arid, savanna and tundra.

Human breast cancer resistance protein : Interactions with steroid drugs, hormones, the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine, and transport of cimetidine

Abstract: The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette drug efflux transporter that extrudes xenotoxins from cells, mediating drug resistance and affecting the pharmacological behavior of many compounds. To study the interaction of human wild-type BCRP with steroid drugs, hormones, and the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5- b )pyridine (PhIP), we expressed human BCRP in the murine MEF3.8 fibroblast cell line, which lacks Mdr1a/1b P-glycoprotein and Mrp1, and in the polarized epithelial MDCKII cell line. We show that PhIP was efficiently transported by human BCRP in MDCKII-BCRP cells, as was found previously for murine Bcrp1. Furthermore, we show that six out of nine glucocorticoid drugs, corticosterone, and digoxin increased the accumulation of mitoxantrone in the MEF3.8-BCRP cell line, indicating inhibition of BCRP. In contrast, aldosterone and ursodeoxycholic acid had no significant effect on BCRP. The four most efficiently reversing glucocorticoid drugs (beclomethasone, 6α-methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone) and 17β-estradiol showed a significantly reduced BCRP-mediated transepithelial transport of PhIP by MDCKII-BCRP cells, with the highest reduction of PhIP transport ratio for beclomethasone (from 25.0 ± 1.1 to 2.7 ± 0.0). None of the tested endogenous steroids or synthetic glucocorticoids or digoxin, however, were transported substrates of BCRP. We also identified the H 2 -receptor antagonist drug cimetidine as a novel efficiently transported substrate for human BCRP and mouse Bcrp1. The generated BCRP-expressing cell lines thus provide valuable tools to study pharmacological and toxicological interactions mediated by BCRP and to identify new BCRP substrates.

A framework for the development of guidelines for the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

Abstract: Summary This paper provides a framework for the development of national guidelines for the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in men and women aged 18 years and over in whom oral glucocorticoid therapy is considered for 3 months or longer.

Endoscopic or Surgical Myotomy in Patients with Idiopathic Achalasia

Abstract: Background Pneumatic dilation and laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy (LHM) are established treatments for idiopathic achalasia. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a less invasive therapy with...