Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 2019"
Jagiellonian University Medical College1, Semmelweis University2, Eötvös Loránd University3, Nova Southeastern University4, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven5, Charles University in Prague6, Helsinki University Central Hospital7, Autonomous University of Barcelona8, University of Oviedo9, King's College London10, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens11, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health12, Uppsala University Hospital13, University of Mannheim14, University of Bonn15, University College Dublin16, Hokkaido University17, St George's Hospital18, University of Huddersfield19, Trinity College, Dublin20, Oslo University Hospital21, Lund University22, Sapienza University of Rome23, University of Paris24, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts25, Stanford University26, Barnet Hospital27, University of Cambridge28, Karolinska Institutet29
TL;DR: This Updated European Consensus Statement aims to support clinicians with research evidence and clinical experience from 63 experts of European and other countries in which ADHD in adults is recognized and treated, to increase awareness and knowledge of adult ADHD in and outside Europe.
285 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas), demonstrating an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use.
Abstract: Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.
214 citations
University of North Texas Health Science Center1, University of Florida2, Nova Southeastern University3, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate4, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt5, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill6, University of North Texas7, Gadjah Mada University8, University of Bergen9, Tongji University10, Manhattan College11, Nagasaki University12, University of Alabama13, National Cheng Kung University14
TL;DR: The research herein presented hypothesizes that climate change associated with extreme rainfall and population distribution is contributing to a higher number of deadly landslides worldwide.
196 citations
TL;DR: Actigraphy is used to quantify sleep measures coupled with gut microbiome sampling to determine how the gut microbiome correlates with various measures of sleep physiology, and positive correlations between total microbiome diversity and interleukin-6, a cytokine previously noted for its effects on sleep are found.
Abstract: The human gut microbiome can influence health through the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome can influence sleep quality. Previous studies that have examined sleep deprivation and the human gut microbiome have yielded conflicting results. A recent study found that sleep deprivation leads to changes in gut microbiome composition while a different study found that sleep deprivation does not lead to changes in gut microbiome. Accordingly, the relationship between sleep physiology and the gut microbiome remains unclear. To address this uncertainty, we used actigraphy to quantify sleep measures coupled with gut microbiome sampling to determine how the gut microbiome correlates with various measures of sleep physiology. We measured immune system biomarkers and carried out a neurobehavioral assessment as these variables might modify the relationship between sleep and gut microbiome composition. We found that total microbiome diversity was positively correlated with increased sleep efficiency and total sleep time, and was negatively correlated with wake after sleep onset. We found positive correlations between total microbiome diversity and interleukin-6, a cytokine previously noted for its effects on sleep. Analysis of microbiome composition revealed that within phyla richness of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were positively correlated with sleep efficiency, interleukin-6 concentrations and abstract thinking. Finally, we found that several taxa (Lachnospiraceae, Corynebacterium, and Blautia) were negatively correlated with sleep measures. Our findings initiate linkages between gut microbiome composition, sleep physiology, the immune system and cognition. They may lead to mechanisms to improve sleep through the manipulation of the gut microbiome.
142 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three types of laser beam oscillating welding were applied on 5A06 aluminum alloy sheets and microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were characterized.
Abstract: Three types of laser beam oscillating welding were applied on 5A06 aluminum alloy sheets. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were characterized. The formation and elimination mechanisms of welding pores during laser beam oscillating welding was investigated. The results showed that laser beam oscillating welding using linear, circular and infinity paths allow to reduce the porosity of the welded joint when compared to the joint produced without beam without oscillation. Among the three oscillating paths, the infinity mode was the best in terms of decreasing the porosity in the weld and increasing the tensile strength. The decrease in porosity of the fusion zone was associated with the weld shape and the decrease of the depth-to-width ratio of the weld due to the oscillation of the heat source. Laser beam oscillating welding applied to aluminum alloys can be of significant interest to industry to decrease porosity problems typically encountered during laser welding of these materials.
142 citations
University of Marburg1, National Institutes of Health2, McMaster University3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, University of Manchester5, University of Crete6, Transylvania University7, Ghent University Hospital8, Charité9, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research10, Humanitas University11, University of Cartagena12, University of South Florida13, University of Porto14, Federal University of Bahia15, King's College London16, Saint Louis University17, Hospital Clínico San Carlos18, Erasmus University Rotterdam19, University of Helsinki20, Odense University Hospital21, University of Amsterdam22, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven23, Chiba University24, Wrocław Medical University25, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy26, Hacettepe University27, Boston Children's Hospital28, Medical University of Łódź29, Vilnius University30, National Research Council31, Oslo University Hospital32, University of Oslo33, University of Beira Interior34, University of Copenhagen35, University of Naples Federico II36, University of Barcelona37, Monash University38, University of Messina39, Ajou University40, Charles University in Prague41, University of Genoa42, Pasteur Institute43, University of Southampton44, Nippon Medical School45, University of Edinburgh46, Medical University of Warsaw47, University College London48, Imperial College London49, Medical University of Graz50, University of Coimbra51, European Union of Medical Specialists52, University of Turku53, University of Bari54, Nova Southeastern University55, Celal Bayar University56
TL;DR: Care pathways for AIT are reviewed using strict criteria and simple recommendations are provided that can be used by all stakeholders including healthcare professionals.
Abstract: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven therapeutic option for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Many guidelines or national practice guidelines have been produced but the evidence-based method varies, many are complex and none propose care pathways. This paper reviews care pathways for AIT using strict criteria and provides simple recommendations that can be used by all stakeholders including healthcare professionals. The decision to prescribe AIT for the patient should be individualized and based on the relevance of the allergens, the persistence of symptoms despite appropriate medications according to guidelines as well as the availability of good-quality and efficacious extracts. Allergen extracts cannot be regarded as generics. Immunotherapy is selected by specialists for stratified patients. There are no currently available validated biomarkers that can predict AIT success. In adolescents and adults, AIT should be reserved for patients with moderate/severe rhinitis or for those with moderate asthma who, despite appropriate pharmacotherapy and adherence, continue to exhibit exacerbations that appear to be related to allergen exposure, except in some specific cases. Immunotherapy may be even more advantageous in patients with multimorbidity. In children, AIT may prevent asthma onset in patients with rhinitis. mHealth tools are promising for the stratification and follow-up of patients.
140 citations
Arizona State University1, RMIT University2, University of Münster3, Lipscomb University4, Medical University of Graz5, Griffith University6, University of Otago7, Loughborough University8, University of Canberra9, University of South Carolina10, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill11, Texas A&M University12, University of South Florida13, University of Guelph14, Liverpool John Moores University15, Nova Southeastern University16
TL;DR: Preclinical and early human research has shown potential probiotic benefits relevant to an athletic population that include improved body composition and lean body mass, normalizing age-related declines in testosterone levels, reductions in cortisol levels indicating improved responses to a physical or mental stressor, reduction of exercise-induced lactate, and increased neurotransmitter synthesis, cognition and mood.
Abstract: Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the mechanisms and use of probiotic supplementation to optimize the health, performance, and recovery of athletes. Based on the current available literature, the conclusions of the ISSN are as follows:
125 citations
TL;DR: The very low refer rate, and improved follow-up rate reflect the success of this community-based hearing screening program, integrating two models of diagnostic ABR testing using a tele-medicine approach and a traditional in-person testing at a tertiary care hospital.
Abstract: In an attempt to reach remote rural areas, this study explores a community-based, pediatric hearing screening program in villages, integrating two models of diagnostic ABR testing; one using a tele-medicine approach and the other a traditional in-person testing at a tertiary care hospital. Village health workers (VHWs) underwent a five day training program on conducting Distortion Product Oto Acoustic Emissions (DPOAE) screening and assisting in tele-ABR. VHWs conducted DPOAE screening in 91 villages and hamlets in two administrative units (blocks) of a district in South India. A two-step DPOAE screening was carried out by VHWs in the homes of infants and children under five years of age in the selected villages. Those with ‘refer’ results in 2nd screening were recommended for a follow-up diagnostic ABR testing in person (Group A) at the tertiary care hospital or via tele-medicine (Group B). The overall outcome of the community-based hearing screening program was analyzed with respect to coverage, refer rate, follow-up rate for 2nd screenings and diagnostic testing. A comparison of the outcomes of tele-versus in-person diagnostic ABR follow-up was carried out. Six VHWs who fulfilled the post training evaluation criteria were recruited for the screening program. VHWs screened 1335 children in Group A and 1480 children in Group B. The refer rate for 2nd screening was very low (0.8%); the follow-up rate for 2nd screening was between 80 and 97% across the different age groups. Integration of tele-ABR resulted in 11% improvement in follow-up compared to in-person ABR at a tertiary care hospital. Non-availability of audiologists and limited infrastructure in rural areas has prevented the establishment of large scale hearing screening programs. In existing programs, considerable challenges with respect to follow-up for diagnostic testing was reported, due to patients being submitted to traveling long distance to access services and potential wage losses during that time. In this program model, integration of a tele-ABR diagnostic follow-up improved follow-up in comparison to in-person follow-up. VHWs were successfully trained to conduct accurate screenings in rural communities. The very low refer rate, and improved follow-up rate reflect the success of this community-based hearing screening program.
107 citations
TL;DR: The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status.
Abstract: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a high-resolution spatial scale composite index, focusing on space heating and cooling, to map energy poor regions and identify hotspots for local action.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take a neo-Schumpeterian perspective on sustainability transition and adopt a bottom-up foresight methodology, namely a (3-stage) policy-learning Delphi approach drawing on a (29-strong) panel of experts belonging to a variety of institutional sectors (public, business, academic actors, as well as NGOs) from diverse geographical backgrounds (11 countries across 3 continents).
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for a heavy charged-boson resonance decaying into a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino is reported, where the observed transverse mass distribution computed from the lepton and missing transverse momenta is consistent with the distribution expected from the Standard Model.
Abstract: A search for a heavy charged-boson resonance decaying into a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino is reported. A data sample of 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2015–2018 is used in the search. The observed transverse mass distribution computed from the lepton and missing transverse momenta is consistent with the distribution expected from the Standard Model, and upper limits on the cross section for pp→W′→lν are extracted (l=e or μ). These vary between 1.3 pb and 0.05 fb depending on the resonance mass in the range between 0.15 and 7.0 TeV at 95% confidence level for the electron and muon channels combined. Gauge bosons with a mass below 6.0 and 5.1 TeV are excluded in the electron and muon channels, respectively, in a model with a resonance that has couplings to fermions identical to those of the Standard Model W boson. Cross-section limits are also provided for resonances with several fixed Γ/m values in the range between 1% and 15%. Model-independent limits are derived in single-bin signal regions defined by a varying minimum transverse mass threshold. The resulting visible cross-section upper limits range between 4.6 (15) pb and 22 (22) ab as the threshold increases from 130 (110) GeV to 5.1 (5.1) TeV in the electron (muon) channel.
Pompeu Fabra University1, Université Paris-Saclay2, University of Porto3, University of Coimbra4, University of Salerno5, University of Bari6, Federal University of Bahia7, University of São Paulo8, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina9, Mexican Social Security Institute10, Vilnius University11, European Union of Medical Specialists12, Medical University of Łódź13, Medical University of Warsaw14, Heidelberg University15, University of Cologne16, University of Paris17, University of Montpellier18, University of Barcelona19, Medical University of Graz20, Leiden University Medical Center21, University of Amsterdam22, University of Edinburgh23, University of Helsinki24, University of Turku25, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens26, University of Manchester27, University of Crete28, Eskişehir Osmangazi University29, Istanbul University30, Celal Bayar University31, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research32, Monash University33, Ghent University Hospital34, Odense University Hospital35, Karolinska Institutet36, Uppsala University37, Transylvania University38, Saint Louis University39, University of South Florida40, Nova Southeastern University41, McMaster University42, French Institute of Health and Medical Research43
TL;DR: This observational study using a very simple assessment tool (VAS) on a mobile phone had the potential to answer questions previously thought infeasible on medication use, disease control, and work productivity in patients with AR.
Abstract: Background: Mobile health can be used to generate innovative insights into optimizing treatment to improve allergic rhinitis (AR) control.Objectives: A cross-sectional real-world observational study was undertaken in 22 countries to complement a pilot study and provide novel information on medication use, disease control, and work productivity in the everyday life of patients with AR.Methods: A mobile phone app (Allergy Diary, which is freely available on Google Play and Apple stores) was used to collect the data of daily visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for (1) overall allergic symptoms; (2) nasal, ocular, and asthma symptoms; (3) work; and (4) medication use by using a treatment scroll list including all allergy medications (prescribed and over-the-counter) customized for 22 countries. The 4 most common intranasal medications containing intranasal corticosteroids and 8 oral H-1-antihistamines were studied.Results: Nine thousand one hundred twenty-two users filled in 112,054 days of VASs in 2016 and 2017. Assessment of days was informative. Control of days with rhinitis differed between no (best control), single (good control for intranasal corticosteroid-treated days), or multiple (worst control) treatments. Users with the worst control increased the range of treatments being used. The same trend was found for asthma, eye symptoms, and work productivity. Differences between oral H-1-antihistamines were found.Conclusions: This study confirms the usefulness of the Allergy Diary in accessing and assessing behavior in patients with AR. This observational study using a very simple assessment tool (VAS) on a mobile phone had the potential to answer questions previously thought infeasible.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of selected policies and measures directly or indirectly targeting EP alleviation and analyses their history and evolution at an EU level as well as at national level.
University of Porto1, University of Beira Interior2, University of Coimbra3, Humanitas University4, University of Turin5, University of Bari6, University of Salerno7, University of Amsterdam8, Leiden University Medical Center9, Federal University of Bahia10, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina11, Mexican Social Security Institute12, European Union of Medical Specialists13, Vilnius University14, University of Paris15, University of Montpellier16, French Institute of Health and Medical Research17, Université Paris-Saclay18, University of Grenoble19, Pasteur Institute20, University of Zurich21, Medical University of Łódź22, Medical University of Warsaw23, University of Barcelona24, University of Edinburgh25, University of Mainz26, Charité27, University of Cologne28, Medical University of Graz29, University of Helsinki30, University of Turku31, Istanbul University32, Celal Bayar University33, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens34, University of Manchester35, University of Crete36, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research37, Monash University38, Catholic University of Cordoba39, Karolinska Institutet40, Uppsala University41, Ghent University Hospital42, Université catholique de Louvain43, Odense University Hospital44, McMaster University45, Laval University46, Transylvania University47, Buck Consultants48, University of South Florida49, Saint Louis University50, Johns Hopkins University51, Chiba University52, Nova Southeastern University53
TL;DR: Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK aims to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the life cycle in order to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease and to improve the digital transformation of health and care.
Abstract: Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK (MASK) belongs to the Fondation Partenariale MACVIA-LR of Montpellier, France and aims to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the life cycle, whatever their gender or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease and to improve the digital transformation of health and care. The ultimate goal is to change the management strategy in chronic diseases. MASK implements ICT technologies for individualized and predictive medicine to develop novel care pathways by a multi-disciplinary group centred around the patients. Include patients, health care professionals (pharmacists and physicians), authorities, patient’s associations, private and public sectors. MASK is deployed in 23 countries and 17 languages. 26,000 users have registered. MASK is participating in EU projects (POLLAR: impact of air POLLution in Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health, DigitalHealthEurope, Euriphi and Vigour). (i) Adherence to treatment is the major problem of allergic disease, (ii) Self-management strategies should be considerably expanded (behavioural), (iii) Change management is essential in allergic diseases, (iv) Education strategies should be reconsidered using a patient-centred approach and (v) Lessons learnt for allergic diseases can be expanded to chronic diseases.
TL;DR: The clinician should consider screening for falls an important part of the functional evaluation in older adults, particularly exercise, attention to coexisting medical conditions, and reduction of environmental hazards.
TL;DR: This Letter presents the observation and measurement of electroweak production of a same-sign W boson pair in association with two jets using 36.1 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.
Abstract: This Letter presents the observation and measurement of electroweak production of a same-sign W boson pair in association with two jets using 36.1 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed in the detector fiducial phase-space region, defined by the presence of two same-sign leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with a large invariant mass and rapidity difference. A total of 122 candidate events are observed for a background expectation of 69±7 events, corresponding to an observed signal significance of 6.5 standard deviations. The measured fiducial signal cross section is σ^{fid}=2.89_{-0.48}^{+0.51}(stat)_{-0.28}^{+0.29}(syst) fb.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the use of social media photographs to model the spatial distribution of people preferences for cultural ecosystem services (CES), map their hotspots, identify the determinant variables as well as the spatial correlation between CES.
Ain Shams University1, Kuwait University2, Pasteur Institute3, University of Rome Tor Vergata4, University of São Paulo5, American University of Beirut6, Dalhousie University7, Ankara University8, Queen's University Belfast9, University of Cape Town10, Cairo University11, Ghent University12, Ghent University Hospital13, University of Khartoum14, Tokyo Medical and Dental University15, University of Hong Kong16, Nova Southeastern University17, University of Chieti-Pescara18, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans19, University of Naples Federico II20, University of Brescia21, Aga Khan University Hospital22, Tehran University of Medical Sciences23, Federal University of Paraná24, Medical College of Wisconsin25, Charles University in Prague26, University of Helsinki27, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research28, Royal Children's Hospital29, Hospital Kuala Lumpur30, University of Melbourne31, University of La Frontera32, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education33, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia34
TL;DR: A pivotal finding is the need for education of physicians regarding typical symptoms suggesting a possible diagnosis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia and sharing of best practices for the less common complications.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that breakdowns in trust occur when the actions of brands differ from the promises and values communicated by the consumers, resulting in decreased brand trust, and that the trustworthiness of brands is compromised.
Abstract: Brands have come under the spotlight for unethical behaviour, resulting in decreased brand trust. Breakdowns in trust occur when the actions of brands differ from the promises and values communicat...
TL;DR: Assessment of circulating lymphocytes indicated a selective depletion of NK cells and viral reactivation after Dara treatment, however this finding does not exclude the multiple components of viral immune-surveillance that may get disabled during this monoclonal treatment in this patient cohort.
Abstract: Treatment with Daratumumab (Dara), a monoclonal anti-CD38 antibody of IgG1 subtype, is effective in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, Dara also impairs the cellular immunity, which in turn may lead to higher susceptibility to infections. The exact link between immune impairment and infectious complications is unclear. In this study, we report that nine out of 23 patients (39%) with progressive MM had infectious complications after Dara treatment. Five of these patients had viral infections, two developed with bacterial infections and two with both bacterial and viral infections. Two of the viral infections were exogenous, i.e. acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), while five consisted of reactivations, i.e. one herpes simplex (HSV), 1 varicella-zoster (VZV) and three cytomegalovirus (CMV). Infections were solely seen in patients with partial response or worse. Assessment of circulating lymphocytes indicated a selective depletion of NK cells and viral reactivation after Dara treatment, however this finding does not exclude the multiple components of viral immune-surveillance that may get disabled during this monoclonal treatment in this patient cohort. These results suggest that the use of antiviral and antibacterial prophylaxis and screening of the patients should be considered.
TL;DR: It is found that racial disparities in health care utilization may be partially explained by race/ethnicity concordance, which significantly increases the likelihood of seeking preventative care for Hispanic, African-American, and Asian patients relative to White patients.
Abstract: To examine the association between race/ethnicity concordance and in-person provider visits following the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Using 2014–2015 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we examine whether having a provider of the same race or ethnicity (“race/ethnicity concordance”) affects the probability that an individual will visit a provider. Multivariate probit models are estimated to adjust for demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. Race/ethnicity concordance significantly increases the likelihood of seeking preventative care for Hispanic, African-American, and Asian patients relative to White patients (coef = 1.46, P < 0.001; coef = 0.71, P = 0.09; coef = 1.70, P < 0.001, respectively). Race/ethnicity concordance also increases the likelihood that Hispanic and Asian patients visit their provider for new health problems (coef = 2.14, P < 0.001 and coef = 1.49, P < 0.05, respectively). We find that race/ethnicity concordance is also associated with an increase in the likelihood that Hispanic and Asian patients continue to visit their provider for ongoing medical problems (Hispanic coef = 1.06, P < 0.001; Asian coef = 1.24, P < 0.05). There is an association between race/ethnicity concordance and the likelihood of patients visiting their provider. Our results demonstrate that racial disparities in health care utilization may be partially explained by race/ethnicity concordance.
Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute1, Sheffield Hallam University2, Anglia Ruskin University3, Leeds Trinity University4, Edge Hill University5, Leeds Beckett University6, Nova Southeastern University7, Baylor University8, East Carolina University9, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill10, Florida State University11, University of KwaZulu-Natal12, California State University San Marcos13, Texas A&M University14, University of Nevada, Las Vegas15, University of Central Florida16, Mississippi State University17, University of South Carolina18, University of South Florida19
TL;DR: Evidence supports the strategic use of caffeine to sustain performance in the latter stages of racing, particularly when sleep deprivation may compromise athlete safety, and evidence in support of ketogenic diets and/or ketone esters to improve ultra-marathon performance is lacking.
Abstract: Background In this Position Statement, the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the literature pertinent to nutritional considerations for training and racing in single-stage ultra-marathon. Recommendations for Training. i) Ultra-marathon runners should aim to meet the caloric demands of training by following an individualized and periodized strategy, comprising a varied, food-first approach; ii) Athletes should plan and implement their nutrition strategy with sufficient time to permit adaptations that enhance fat oxidative capacity; iii) The evidence overwhelmingly supports the inclusion of a moderate-to-high carbohydrate diet (i.e., ~ 60% of energy intake, 5–8 g·kg− 1·d− 1) to mitigate the negative effects of chronic, training-induced glycogen depletion; iv) Limiting carbohydrate intake before selected low-intensity sessions, and/or moderating daily carbohydrate intake, may enhance mitochondrial function and fat oxidative capacity. Nevertheless, this approach may compromise performance during high-intensity efforts; v) Protein intakes of ~ 1.6 g·kg− 1·d− 1 are necessary to maintain lean mass and support recovery from training, but amounts up to 2.5 g.kg− 1·d− 1 may be warranted during demanding training when calorie requirements are greater; Recommendations for Racing. vi) To attenuate caloric deficits, runners should aim to consume 150–400 Kcal·h− 1 (carbohydrate, 30–50 g·h− 1; protein, 5–10 g·h− 1) from a variety of calorie-dense foods. Consideration must be given to food palatability, individual tolerance, and the increased preference for savory foods in longer races; vii) Fluid volumes of 450–750 mL·h− 1 (~ 150–250 mL every 20 min) are recommended during racing. To minimize the likelihood of hyponatraemia, electrolytes (mainly sodium) may be needed in concentrations greater than that provided by most commercial products (i.e., > 575 mg·L− 1 sodium). Fluid and electrolyte requirements will be elevated when running in hot and/or humid conditions; viii) Evidence supports progressive gut-training and/or low-FODMAP diets (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol) to alleviate symptoms of gastrointestinal distress during racing; ix) The evidence in support of ketogenic diets and/or ketone esters to improve ultra-marathon performance is lacking, with further research warranted; x) Evidence supports the strategic use of caffeine to sustain performance in the latter stages of racing, particularly when sleep deprivation may compromise athlete safety.
TL;DR: Compound 2.45 preserves renal function and reduces tissue damage in Col4a3–/– mice (the preclinical mouse model of Alport syndrome) when employing a therapeutic dosing regime, indicating the real therapeutic value of selectively inhibiting DDR1 phosphorylation in vivo.
Abstract: The importance of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) in renal fibrosis has been shown via gene knockout and use of antisense oligonucleotides; however, these techniques act via a reduction of DDR1 protein, while we prove the therapeutic potential of inhibiting DDR1 phosphorylation with a small molecule. To date, efforts to generate a selective small-molecule to specifically modulate the activity of DDR1 in an in vivo model have been unsuccessful. We performed parallel DNA encoded library screens against DDR1 and DDR2, and discovered a chemical series that is highly selective for DDR1 over DDR2. Structure-guided optimization efforts yielded the potent DDR1 inhibitor 2.45, which possesses excellent kinome selectivity (including 64-fold selectivity over DDR2 in a biochemical assay), a clean in vitro safety profile, and favorable pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. As desired, compound 2.45 modulates DDR1 phosphorylation in vitro as well as prevents collagen-induced activation of renal epithelial ...
TL;DR: ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement.
Abstract: In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy. As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted “patient activation”, (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Sante as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care. In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement.
TL;DR: Accumulating evidence suggests that exogenous creatine supplementation has the potential to increase aging muscle mass, muscle performance, and decrease the risk of falls and possibly attenuate inflammation and loss of bone mineral.
Abstract: Sarcopenia, defined as the age-related decrease in muscle mass, strength and physical performance, is associated with reduced bone mass and elevated low-grade inflammation. From a healthy aging perspective, interventions which overcome sarcopenia are clinically relevant. Accumulating evidence suggests that exogenous creatine supplementation has the potential to increase aging muscle mass, muscle performance, and decrease the risk of falls and possibly attenuate inflammation and loss of bone mineral. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to: (1) summarize the effects of creatine supplementation, with and without resistance training, in aging adults and discuss possible mechanisms of action, (2) examine the effects of creatine on bone biology and risk of falls, (3) evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of creatine and (4) determine the safety of creatine supplementation in aging adults.
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the molecular adaptive emphasis on genome stability in white and whale sharks may reflect the combined selective pressure of large genome sizes, high repeat content, high long-interspersed element retrotransposon representation, large body size, and long lifespans, represented across these two species.
Abstract: The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias; Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) is one of the most publicly recognized marine animals. Here we report the genome sequence of the white shark and comparative evolutionary genomic analyses to the chondrichthyans, whale shark (Elasmobranchii) and elephant shark (Holocephali), as well as various vertebrates. The 4.63-Gbp white shark genome contains 24,520 predicted genes, and has a repeat content of 58.5%. We provide evidence for a history of positive selection and gene-content enrichments regarding important genome stability-related genes and functional categories, particularly so for the two elasmobranchs. We hypothesize that the molecular adaptive emphasis on genome stability in white and whale sharks may reflect the combined selective pressure of large genome sizes, high repeat content, high long-interspersed element retrotransposon representation, large body size, and long lifespans, represented across these two species. Molecular adaptation for wound healing was also evident, with positive selection in key genes involved in the wound-healing process, as well as Gene Ontology enrichments in fundamental wound-healing pathways. Sharks, particularly apex predators such as the white shark, are believed to have an acute sense of smell. However, we found very few olfactory receptor genes, very few trace amine-associated receptors, and extremely low numbers of G protein-coupled receptors. We did however, identify 13 copies of vomeronasal type 2 (V2R) genes in white shark and 10 in whale shark; this, combined with the over 30 V2Rs reported previously for elephant shark, suggests this gene family may underlie the keen odorant reception of chondrichthyans.
TL;DR: In this paper, an observation of electroweak W±Z production in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions is presented, with an observed significance of 5.3 standard deviations.
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for new light resonances decaying to pairs of quarks and produced in association with a high- pT photon or jet is presented, but no evidence of new resonance is observed in the data, which are used to exclude the production of a lepto-phobic axial-vector Z′ boson.
Aarhus University Hospital1, University of Perugia2, University of Montpellier3, Nova Southeastern University4, University of New South Wales5, University of Cambridge6, University of Michigan7, Harvard University8, Curie Institute9, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens10, University of Florence11, Stavanger University Hospital12, University of São Paulo13, Gdańsk Medical University14, Herlev Hospital15, Maastricht University Medical Centre16
TL;DR: The aim of this paper is to describe delineation guidelines for PMRT after implant-based IBR based on a thorough understanding of the surgical procedures, disease stage, patterns of recurrence and radiation techniques.