Paris West University Nanterre La Défense

About: Paris West University Nanterre La Défense is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Politics. The organization has 895 authors who have published 1430 publications receiving 21712 citations.

Enfoque de redes sociales en las migraciones de América latina hacia Francia

Abstract: We comparatively analyse four types of migratory flows from Latin America to France: the South American exile, the “brain-drain”, the labour migration of a national group and the Haitian Diaspora. The focus of analysis shift from traditional macro social migratory categories to the “meso-level” or the intermediation level, between macro and micro social factors. We point up different types and fonctions of Latin Amercian social networks that illustrate four different uses of the concept of network. Despite its frequently diffuse application and its lack of consensus in social sciences, we conclude that the network approach can provide appropriate knowledge on a wide range of migratory modalities.

Determinants of banks'liquidity: A French perspective on interactions between market and regulatory requirements

Abstract: The paper investigates the impact of solvency and liquidity regulation as well as market shocks on banks’ balance sheet structure. It contributes in particular to the debate on the use of liquidity buffers by banks, as initiated by Goodhart’s (2008), “last taxi” argument. The volatility of long-term markets observed during the Covid-19 pandemic shows that periods of sharp increase in risk aversion still result in liquidity strains for banks. The latter react differently depending on the diversity of their funding sources and their risk profile. Indeed, during a crisis, due to interactions between funding and market liquidity, as well as regulatory constraints, one may wonder whether banks may increase or decrease liquidity. According to a simple portfolio allocation model banks’ liquidity increases when the regulatory constraint is binding, as banks hoard extra liquidity, while they do not if the regulatory constraint is not binding. We show that in times of crisis, measured by large deviations of a financial variable capturing international markets’ risk aversion, French banks actually decreased the liquidity coefficient, with our results mostly driven by less liquid banks. However, while we do find that the solvency ratio has a weakly significant effect on the liquidity coefficient, we were not able to establish a firm causal relationship between the two variables on the basis of Granger causality tests.

A Meta-Analysis Investigating the Association Between Metacognition and Math Performance in Adolescence

Abstract: Poor math and numeracy skills are associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including reduced employability and poorer physical and mental health. Research has increasingly focused on understanding factors associated with the improvement of math skills in school. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis investigated the association between metacognition and math performance in adolescence (11–16-year-olds). A systematic search of electronic databases and grey literature (to 04.01.2020) highlighted 31 studies. The quantitative synthesis of 74 effect sizes from 29 of these studies (30 independent populations) indicated a significantly positive correlation between metacognition and math performance in adolescence (r = .37, 95% CI = [.29, .44], p < .001). There was significant heterogeneity between studies. Consideration of online (versus offline) measures of metacognition and more complex (versus simple) measures of math performance, and their combination, was associated with larger effect sizes; however, heterogeneity remained high for all analyses.

Experimental analysis of thermal and damage evolutions of DCFC under static and fatigue loading

Abstract: Discontinuous carbon fibre composite (DCFC) is a new low-cost material that has already been applied for commercial components, such as window frames of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Studying DCFC is very challenging because it does not show the same behaviour than conventional composites or isotropic materials. This work presents an experimental study of DCFC specimens submitted to static and fatigue tensile loading, based on mechanical and thermography non destructive evaluation (NDE) technique. An infra-red (IR) camera is used for real time monitoring of temperature change at the specimen outer surface. Under static loading, thermal response permits to well detect the early appearance of micro defects up to the final failure of DCFC material. Moreover, thermal response gives a good correlation with the damage evolution under fatigue loading. It is also shown that thermography method allows to successfully determine the high cycle fatigue strength (HCFS) of DCFC material. RÉSUMÉ. Les composites à fibres de carbone discontinues (DCFC) sont des matériaux relativement récents qui ont déjà été employés pour la fabrication de composants industriels, tels que par exemple les contours de hublots des Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Cependant leur utilisation pour la réalisation de pièces structurelles reste encore marginale, leurs lois de comportement s’avérant être assez différentes de celles mieux connues des composites à fibres longues. Cette étude présente donc les résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur des éprouvettes trouées en DCFC soumises à des sollicitations de traction, en quasi-statique et en fatigue. Les éprouvettes sont équipées de jauges d’extensométrie et chaque essai est suivi par caméra infra-rouge (IR) afin de relever les variations de température apparaissant en surface d’éprouvette. Les essais quasistatiques montrent que la caméra IR permet de relever, aussi bien de brèves variations de température localisées aléatoirement sur toute la surface de l’éprouvette dès les premiers niveaux Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés – n 2/2016, 165-184 166 RCMA. Volume 26 – n 2/2016 de chargements, quúne élévation de température progressive aux bords du trou à l’endroit où la rupture finale se produit. De plus, lors des essais de fatigue, il est montré qu’il existe une très bonne corrélation entre élévation de température et endommagement de l’éprouvette. Enfin, il est aussi montré que l’élévation de température de l’éprouvette est un paramètre qui permet de déterminer la limite de fatigue (HCFS) de ce matériau de manière beaucoup plus rapide que les méthodes traditionnellement employées.

Mesure de la qualité des services d’enseignement et restructuration des secteurs éducatifs

Abstract: L’article de Romuald Normand a decrit la genese, aux Etats-Unis, du mouvement de mobilisation des technologies de mesure de la qualite pour rationaliser la pedagogie scolaire sur le modele industriel. Ce modele tend maintenant a s’etendre a l’evaluation de la qualite des producteurs de services d’enseignement et a se deployer a l’echelle mondiale dans le but d’accroitre l’efficacite des secteurs educatifs et de reguler leur transnationalisation. On tente ici d’en montrer la fonctionnalite – mais aussi les contradictions – dans la construction des marches des services d’enseignement et dans la transition vers une nouvelle structure du pouvoir de piloter et de controler les systemes educatifs.