Paris West University Nanterre La Défense

About: Paris West University Nanterre La Défense is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Politics. The organization has 895 authors who have published 1430 publications receiving 21712 citations.

Neural Correlates of Motor Imagery of Gait in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Gait impairment is poorly characterized in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), despite increasing evidence of extrapyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction. Gait impairment adds to the considerable motor disability of ALS patients and requires targeted multidisciplinary interventions. PURPOSE To assess gait imagery-specific networks and functional adaptation in ALS. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Seventeen ALS patients with lower motor neuron predominant (LMNp) disability, 14 patients with upper motor neurons predominant (UMNp) disease, and 14 healthy controls were included. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES 3T / gradient echo echo planar (GE-EPI). ASSESSMENT Subjects performed a dual motor imagery task: normal and precision gait. The Movement Imagery Questionnaire - Revised Second Version (MIQ-rs) was used to appraise movement imagery in each participant. Study group-specific activation patterns were evaluated during motor imagery of gait. Additional generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses were carried out using the supplementary motor area, caudate, cerebellum, and superior parietal lobule as seed regions. STATISTICAL TESTS Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare time imagery and MIQ-rs scores between groups. Size effects were also reported as partial eta squared (η2). One-way ANOVA was performed to explore differences in terms of connexions during motor imagery tasks. RESULTS A significant increase in imagery time in UMNp patients compared to controls (P < 0.05) and LMNp (P < 0.05) during imagined gait was demonstrated. UMNp patients exhibited altered supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation and increased orbitofrontal (pFDR(False Discovery Rate) < 0.05), posterior parietal (pFDR < 0.05) caudate (pFDR < 0.05), and cerebellar (pFDR < 0.05) signal during imagined locomotion. Increased effective connectivity of the striato-cerebellar and parieto-cerebellar circuits was also demonstrated. Additional activation was detected in the insula and cingulate cortex. DATA CONCLUSION Enhanced striato- and parieto-cerebellar networks in UMNp ALS patients are likely to represent a compensatory response to impaired postural control. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 5.

Understanding delays in acute stroke care: a systematic review of reviews.

Abstract: Background Stroke is the leading cause of adult long-term disability in Western countries. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is safe and effective within the first 4.5 h after the onset of stroke. Various factors delaying acute stroke care have been identified in the literature. This review aimed to provide an overview of factors delaying acute stroke care and attempted to show how they interact in a synthetic framework. Methods We conducted a systematic review of literature reviews published in Medline and DORIS until 2016 on factors influencing acute stroke pathway timeframe. Results We analyzed 31 reviews that cover all factors of delays from stroke onset to treatment. We identified 27 factors that had a significant impact on acute stroke care and can be categorized into four distinct categories: patient-related factors, training, resources and lack of coordination. We also reported associations between factors observed in both between categories (mainly between patients and organizational/logistical factors) and within categories. Conclusion This review provides a wide overview of factors influencing acute stroke pathway. Since it was observed that the identified factors were interrelated, they needed to be analyzed in a systematic way. We hence created a synthetic framework that combines several categories of factors while assuming that factor weight varies from a study context to another. Better knowledge on underlying mechanisms between factors would provide crucial improvement of the interventions aiming at reducing delays in both pre-hospital and inhospital stages. For future research, we recommend adopting a systemic perspective on factors influencing acute stroke pathway.

Melatonin ingestion after exhaustive late-evening exercise improves sleep quality and quantity, and short-term performances in teenage athletes.

Abstract: The present study aimed to explore the effects of a single 10-mg dose of melatonin (MEL) administration after exhaustive late-evening exercise on sleep quality and quantity, and short-term physical...

So you want to do biocodicology? A field guide to the biological analysis of parchment

Abstract: Biocodicology, the study of the biological information stored in manuscripts, offers the possibility of interrogating manuscripts in novel ways. Exploring the biological data associated to parchment documents will add a deeper level of understanding and interpretation to these invaluable objects, revealing information about book production, livestock economies, handling, conservation and the historic use of the object. As biotechnological methods continue to improve we hope that biocodicology will become a highly relevant discipline in manuscript studies, contributing an additional perspective to the current scholarship. We hope that this review will act as a catalyst enabling further interactions between the heritage science community, manuscript scholars, curators and conservators.

A 90 min Daytime Nap Opportunity Is Better Than 40 min for Cognitive and Physical Performance.

Abstract: This study examined the effects of different nap durations on attention and physical performance as well as mood states, sleepiness, perceived exertion (RPE), recovery (PRS), and muscle soreness (DOMS) in trained men Fourteen amateur team sport players (age: 203 ± 30 years, height: 1731 ± 67 cm, body-mass: 681 ± 66 kg) performed a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) test, 5-m shuttle run, and the digit-cancellation (ie, attention) test after a no-nap (N0) and 40-min (N40) and 90-min (N90) of nap opportunities Subjective measurement of mood states, RPE, PRS and DOMS were determined Compared to N0, both nap durations enhanced attention, MVIC, total distance (TD), and higher distance (HD) (p < 0001), with a higher gain after N90 compared to N40 for attention (Δ = +3), MVIC (Δ = +30N) and TD (Δ = +35m) (p < 0001) Total mood scores were better after N40 and N90 compared to N0 (p < 005), with lower scores after N90 compared to N40 (p < 005) DOMS and RPE scores were significantly lower and PRS was significantly higher after N40 and N90 compared to N0 and after N90 compared to N40 (p < 005) Although both nap opportunity durations were beneficial, N90 was better than N40 for improving physical performances and attention as well as the perception of recovery, reducing fatigue perception, muscle soreness, and negative mood states