San Francisco State University

About: San Francisco State University is a education organization based out in San Francisco, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Planet. The organization has 5669 authors who have published 11433 publications receiving 408075 citations. The organization is also known as: San Francisco State & San Francisco State Normal School.

Blue Carbon Storage Capacity of Temperate Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Meadows

Abstract: Author(s): Rohr, ME; Holmer, M; Baum, JK; Bjork, M; Chin, D; Chalifour, L; Cimon, S; Cusson, M; Dahl, M; Deyanova, D; Duffy, JE; Eklof, JS; Geyer, JK; Griffin, JN; Gullstrom, M; Hereu, CM; Hori, M; Hovel, KA; Hughes, AR; Jorgensen, P; Kiriakopolos, S; Moksnes, PO; Nakaoka, M; O'Connor, MI; Peterson, B; Reiss, K; Reynolds, PL; Rossi, F; Ruesink, J; Santos, R; Stachowicz, JJ; Tomas, F; Lee, KS; Unsworth, RKF; Bostrom, C | Abstract: Despite the importance of coastal ecosystems for the global carbon budgets, knowledge of their carbon storage capacity and the factors driving variability in storage capacity is still limited Here we provide an estimate on the magnitude and variability of carbon stocks within a widely distributed marine foundation species throughout its distribution area in temperate Northern Hemisphere We sampled 54 eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows, spread across eight ocean margins and 36° of latitude, to determine abiotic and biotic factors influencing organic carbon (Corg) stocks in Zostera marina sediments The Corg stocks (integrated over 25-cm depth) showed a large variability and ranged from 318 to 26,523ngnC/m2 with an average of 2,721ngnC/m2 The projected Corg stocks obtained by extrapolating over the top 1nm of sediment ranged between 231 and 3517nMgnC/ha, which is in line with estimates for other seagrasses and other blue carbon ecosystems Most of the variation in Corg stocks was explained by five environmental variables (sediment mud content, dry density and degree of sorting, and salinity and water depth), while plant attributes such as biomass and shoot density were less important to Corg stocks Carbon isotopic signatures indicated that at most sites l50% of the sediment carbon is derived from seagrass, which is lower than reported previously for seagrass meadows The high spatial carbon storage variability urges caution in extrapolating carbon storage capacity between geographical areas as well as within and between seagrass species

HIV testing behaviors and perceptions of risk of HIV infection among MSM with main partners.

Abstract: Male couples represent a high priority group for HIV prevention interventions because primary partners have been identified as the source of one-third to two-thirds of HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV testing is an important component of the U.S. National AIDS Strategy. In previous research rates of HIV testing among partnered MSM have been found to be lower compared to other MSM. In this paper, we use a sample of 906 MSM recruited through internet advertisements to contrast HIV testing behavior, perceived risk of HIV infection and confidence in remaining HIV sero-negative between single MSM and MSM who report having a main partner. We also examine associations between sexual agreements and HIV testing and perceived risk among partnered MSM. Although results were marginally significant, men with a main partner had significantly higher odds of perceiving zero risk of HIV infection, higher odds of being very confident they will remain HIV-negative, and lower odds of testing for HIV in the past 6 months. Partnered men who reported they were in an open relationship had higher odds of recent HIV testing, lower odds of perceiving zero risk, and lower odds of being very confident in remaining HIV-negative, relative to those who reported monogamy. The results point to the need for dyadic interventions to tackle the underestimation of potential risk associated low HIV testing among partnered MSM. Couples HIV Testing and Counseling-CHTC-affords male couples the opportunity to learn their sero-status together and discuss the realities of their agreement and relationship and should be considered a priority intervention for male couples in the U.S.

From Contact to Development in Experiential Cultural Intelligence Education: The Mediating Influence of Expectancy Disconfirmation

Abstract: Cultural intelligence (CQ) has emerged as a promising capability that allows individuals to enhance their intercultural effectiveness. However, little is known about factors and processes supportin...

Gas phase studies of the competition between substitution and elimination reactions

Abstract: Gas phase studies allow for the examination of organic reaction mechanisms in the absence of solvation effects and therefore probe the intrinsic reactivity of the reaction partners. The competition between substitution and elimination reactions has been a topic of interest for decades, but it has been difficult to examine in the gas phase because both pathways generally lead to the same ionic product and cannot be distinguished by mass spectrometry. By using dianions as nucleophiles, the reactions produce two ionic products, one of which identifies the mechanism. With this approach, we have examined a variety of substituent effects on the gas phase competition between substitution and elimination. In addition, we have found that similar processes occur during collisional activation of salt complexes that contain a dianion and a tetraalkylammonium cation. Overall, the results show that the gas phase studies probe the same fundamental features found in the condensed phase and provide valuable insights into reaction mechanisms.