Southern Illinois University Carbondale

About: Southern Illinois University Carbondale is a education organization based out in Carbondale, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13570 authors who have published 24819 publications receiving 667385 citations. The organization is also known as: SIU Carbondale & SIUC.

Remarkable diversity of phototrophic purple bacteria in a permanently frozen Antarctic lake.

Abstract: Although anoxygenic photosynthesis is thought to play an important role in the primary productivity of permanently frozen lakes in the Antarctic dry valleys, the bacterial communities responsible for this metabolism remain uncharacterized. Here we report the composition and activity of phototrophic purple bacteria in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, as determined by analysis of a photosynthesis-specific gene, pufM. The results revealed an extensive diversity and highly stratified distribution of purple nonsulfur bacteria in Lake Fryxell and showed which phylotypes produced pufM transcripts in situ. Enrichment cultures for purple bacteria yielded two morphotypes, each with a pufM signature identical to signatures detected by environmental screening. The isolates also contained gas vesicles, buoyancy structures previously unknown in purple nonsulfur bacteria, that may be necessary for these organisms to position themselves at specific depths within the nearly freezing water column.

Intravenous valproate is well tolerated in unstable patients with status epilepticus.

Abstract: Article abstract The authors reviewed hospital records of 13 patients with status epilepticus and hypotension who received IV valproate therapy. Most patients were elderly (74.4 ± 12.5 [SD] years) and received a loading dose of valproate of 25.1 ± 5.0 mg/kg (range 14.7 to 32.7), at a rate of 36.6 ± 25.1 mg/min (range 6.3 to 100). There were no significant changes in blood pressure, pulse, or use of vasopressors. The data suggest that valproate loading is well tolerated, even in patients with cardiovascular instability.

Role of Dissociation of Phenol in Its Selective Hydrogenation on Pt(111) and Pd(111)

Abstract: The adsorption, dissociation, and hydrogenation of phenol on the Pt(111) and Pd(111) surfaces have been studied using density functional theory slab calculations. The results show that phenol favors adsorption through a mixed σ–π interaction on both surfaces through its phenyl ring, with the hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl tilted away from the surface. The dissociation of phenol to phenoxy is both thermodynamically and kinetically favored on Pd but not on Pt. The phenoxy adsorbs on Pd through both the phenyl ring and the oxygen atom, whereas the O atom points away from the surface on Pt. On Pt, the barrier for adding one hydrogen atom to the adsorbed phenol is 0.49 eV lower than the overall barrier for phenol dissociation to phenoxy followed by adding the hydrogen atom to its phenyl ring, resulting in direct hydrogenation of the adsorbed phenol to cyclohexanol as the dominant reaction pathway. In contrast, on Pd, the barrier for direct hydrogenation (1.22 eV) is higher than the overall barrier of dissociation...

Media Health Literacy (MHL): development and measurement of the concept among adolescents

Abstract: Increasing media use among adolescents and its significant influence on health behavior warrants in-depth understanding of their response to media content. This study developed the concept and tested a model of Media Health Literacy (MHL), examined its association with personal/socio-demographic determinants and reported sources of health information, while analyzing its role in promoting empowerment and health behavior (cigarette/water-pipe smoking, nutritional/dieting habits, physical/sedentary activity, safety/injury behaviors and sexual behavior). The school-based study included a representative sample of 1316 Israeli adolescents, grades 7, 9 and 11, using qualitative and quantitative instruments to develop the new measure. The results showed that the MHL measure is highly scalable (0.80) includes four sequenced categories: identification/recognition, critical evaluation of health content in media, perceived influence on adolescents and intended action/reaction. Multivariate analysis showed that MHL was significantly higher among girls (β = 1.25, P < 0.001), adolescents whose mothers had higher education (β = 0.16, P = 0.04), who report more adult/interpersonal sources of health information (β = 0.23, P < 0.01) and was positively associated with health empowerment (β = 0.36, P < 0.0005) and health behavior (β = 0.03, P = 0.05). The findings suggest that as a determinant of adolescent health behavior, MHL identifies groups at risk and may provide a basis for health promotion among youth.