State University of Semarang

About: State University of Semarang is a education organization based out in Semarang, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Curriculum. The organization has 7737 authors who have published 7790 publications receiving 38055 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitas Negeri Semarang.

Training During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of 12,526 Athletes from 142 Countries and Six Continents

Abstract: Our objective was to explore the training-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices of athletes and the influence of lockdowns in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Athletes (n = 12,526, comprising 13% world class, 21% international, 36% national, 24% state, and 6% recreational) completed an online survey that was available from 17 May to 5 July 2020 and explored their training behaviors (training knowledge, beliefs/attitudes, and practices), including specific questions on their training intensity, frequency, and session duration before and during lockdown (March–June 2020). Overall, 85% of athletes wanted to “maintain training,” and 79% disagreed with the statement that it is “okay to not train during lockdown,” with a greater prevalence for both in higher-level athletes. In total, 60% of athletes considered “coaching by correspondence (remote coaching)” to be sufficient (highest amongst world-class athletes). During lockdown, < 40% were able to maintain sport-specific training (e.g., long endurance [39%], interval training [35%], weightlifting [33%], plyometric exercise [30%]) at pre-lockdown levels (higher among world-class, international, and national athletes), with most (83%) training for “general fitness and health maintenance” during lockdown. Athletes trained alone (80%) and focused on bodyweight (65%) and cardiovascular (59%) exercise/training during lockdown. Compared with before lockdown, most athletes reported reduced training frequency (from between five and seven sessions per week to four or fewer), shorter training sessions (from ≥ 60 to < 60 min), and lower sport-specific intensity (~ 38% reduction), irrespective of athlete classification. COVID-19-related lockdowns saw marked reductions in athletic training specificity, intensity, frequency, and duration, with notable within-sample differences (by athlete classification). Higher classification athletes had the strongest desire to “maintain” training and the greatest opposition to “not training” during lockdowns. These higher classification athletes retained training specificity to a greater degree than others, probably because of preferential access to limited training resources. More higher classification athletes considered “coaching by correspondence” as sufficient than did lower classification athletes. These lockdown-mediated changes in training were not conducive to maintenance or progression of athletes’ physical capacities and were also likely detrimental to athletes’ mental health. These data can be used by policy makers, athletes, and their multidisciplinary teams to modulate their practice, with a degree of individualization, in the current and continued pandemic-related scenario. Furthermore, the data may drive training-related educational resources for athletes and their multidisciplinary teams. Such upskilling would provide athletes with evidence to inform their training modifications in response to germane situations (e.g., COVID related, injury, and illness).

The Analysis of Fraudulent Financial Reporting Determinant through Fraud Pentagon Approach

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prediction of fraudulent financial reporting with the perspective of pentagon fraud. Pentagon fraud theory is the development of the theories of fraud triangle and fraud diamond. The Pentagon fraud theory adds an element of arrogance in addition to the other four existing elements namely pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and competence or capacity. The population in this study were 157 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2013-2015. The samples of 46 companies were obtained by using purposive sampling technique, so the analysis unit was 138. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis. The test result showed that financial stability, the quality of external auditor, and the number of CEO’s photos in the annual reports of the companies had a positive effect on the prediction of fraudulent financial reporting, while financial targets, liquidity, institutional ownership, monitoring effectiveness, replacement of external auditors, and changes of corporate directors had no significant effect on the prediction of fraudulent financial reporting. The conclusion of this study indicates that unstable financial condition, the quality of corporate audit and the level of CEO’s arrogance can influence the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting.

Pentingnya Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah melalui PBL untuk Mempersiapkan Generasi Unggul Menghadapi MEA

Abstract: Pemecahan masalah merupakan salah satu tujuan dalam proses pembelajaran ditinjau dari aspek kurikulum. Pentingnya pemecahan masalah dalam pembelajaran juga disampaikan oleh National Council of Teacher of Mathematics. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, Pemecahan masalah matematika siswa di sekolah masih rendah. Hal ini dikarenakan selama ini pembelajaran kurang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengembangkan kemampuannya dalam memecahkan masalah. Salah satu pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis adalah Problem Based Learning (PBL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguraikan pentingnya peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah melalui PBL untuk mempersiapkan generasi unggul menghadapi MEA. Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa diharapkan mampu menyiapkan siswa unggul yang siap bersaing dan mampu memecahkan masalah dalam menghadapi tantangan Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean.

Ethno-Stem Project-Based Learning: Its Impact to Critical and Creative Thinking Skills

Abstract: Guiding students how to think critically and creatively is a crucial part of the educational process in order to meet the required skills to face the 21 st century. In addition, attention to the local culture especially that is closely related to the scientific concepts needs to be strongly emphasized. Due to those two aspects i.e. creative and critical thinking as well as attention to local culture, the ethno-STEM project-based learning for high school students has been implemented and its impact to students’ critical and creative thinking skills has been investigated. This study involved 230 students from seven high schools in Central Java Indonesia. The data collection was carried out through a set of instruments to reveal the students’ critical and creative thinking skills. The instruments were declared as valid based on the experts’ judgment and showed an Alpha Cronbach score of 0.79 prior to use. The results showed that the ethno-STEM project-based learning was able to improve the average critical and creative thinking skills of students in all indicators varying from low to medium categories. The improvement of students' critical thinking skills was observed by the achievement of the N-gain score, i.e. 52 students (22.6%) achieved a high category, 102 students (44.4%) achieved a medium category, and 76 students (33.0%) achieved a low category. Moreover, an increase in the creative thinking skills was also observed, indicated by the N-gain score, i.e. 63 students (27.4%) were at a high category, 109 students (47.4%) were at a medium category, and 58 students (25.2%) were at a low category. In conclusion, the ethno-STEM project-based learning showed a significant effect on the improvement of students' critical and creative thinking skills.