Texas Christian University

About: Texas Christian University is a education organization based out in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 3245 authors who have published 8258 publications receiving 282216 citations. The organization is also known as: TCU & Texas Christian University, TCU.

The impact of increased disclosure requirements and the standardization of accounting practices on earnings management through the reserve for income taxes

Abstract: We examine whether the regulatory changes required by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) and Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. (FIN) 48 reduced the propensity for earnings management through the reserve for income taxes. Given prior evidence that firms use this reserve to manage earnings to beat the consensus analyst forecast, the regulatory changes implemented by both SOX and FIN 48 allow us to study the effects of accounting regulation on earnings management. We find that neither SOX nor FIN 48 reduced earnings management through the reserve for income taxes. Thus, in contrast to research that examines whether SOX affected nontax, accrual-based earnings management, our results suggest managers continue to take advantage of their discretion over the accounting for income taxes to beat the consensus analyst forecast in both the post-SOX and post-FIN 48 periods.

The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey: IV. Abundances for 128 Open Clusters using SDSS/APOGEE DR16

Abstract: comments. J.D. and P.M.F. acknowledge support for this research from the National Science Foundation (AST-1311835 & AST-1715662). K.C. acknowledges support for this research from the National Science Foundation (AST-0907873). D.A.G.H. acknowledges support from the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MCIU), and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under grant AYA2017-88254-P. D.G. and D.M. gratefully acknowledge support from the Chilean Centro de Excelencia en Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines (CATA) BASAL grant AFB-170002. D.G. also acknowledges financial support from the Direccion de Investigacion y Desarrollo de la Universidad de La Serena through the Programa de Incentivo a la Investigacion de Academicos (PIA-DIDULS). D.M. is also supported by the Programa Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio grant IC120009, awarded to the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), and by Proyecto FONDECYT regular No. 1170121. H.J. acknowledges support from the Crafoord Foundation, Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmastare, and Ruth och Nils-Erik Stenbacks stiftelse. A.R.-L. acknowledges financial support provided in Chile by Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) through the FONDECYT project 1170476 and by the QUIMAL project 130001 Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III website is http://www.sdss3.org/. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS-IV acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS website is www.sdss.org.

A Fulcrum Approach To Assessing Source-To-Sink Mass Balance Using Channel Paleohydrologic Paramaters Derivable From Common Fluvial Data Sets With An Example From the Cretaceous of Egypt

Abstract: Source-to-sink interpretations of genetic equivalency between fluvial feeder systems and basin accumulations infer that the sediment and water mass collected and transferred by rivers from the catchment is in balance with the mass ultimately delivered to the depositional basin. This relationship has value for modeling basin-fill volumes, climate and climate change, ocean water mass, and other applications. Executing an estimate of this mass balance is challenging in modern systems but even more difficult in deep-time stratigraphic systems where the catchment is no longer active and critical variables from the source and sink system are either not preserved or preserved with large uncertainties. Available data sets from stratigraphic systems are likewise often limited to a few localized boreholes, scattered outcrop, and/or geophysical surveys. This paper offers a method, the fulcrum test, for estimating mass flux from the source area to the basin sink by calculation of channel paleohydrologic variables extractable from these common stratigraphic data sources. We use the Cenomanian channels of the Bahariya Formation, Egypt, as an example application in a stratigraphic system. The technique may provide greater accuracy in modern systems where more data are available and uncertainties are lower. Total mass passing through a cross section of all feeder channels over a period of time should match with both the total sediment delivered to the cross section from the source area and the total volume delivered through these channels to the basin. This cross section would constitute a fulcrum across which source and sink sediment and water mass should balance. Bankfull dimensions and representative bedload are measured and sampled from channel stories identified in outcrop and/or subsurface data over a fulcrum cross section within the basin. Flow transport equations are used to estimate bankfull discharge and sediment concentrations using established methods. These concentrations are projected over longer durations to estimate total channel mass through-flux over basin-fill time spans. These estimates can also be tested against other mass-flux methods such as known volumetric basin-fill accumulation rates and/or estimates of drainage-area denudation. In the example case, calculations of mass flux from Bahariya channels that feed the equivalent fluvial-to-marine basin show that these channels were capable of delivering at least three times the sediment actually preserved. Channels were small with average depths of 2.5 m and 0.1 m3/sec bankfull sediment discharges. The fulcrum test offers a first-order approximation of mass balance, but it remains a nascent method. Key parameters have large uncertainties, which currently limit accuracy to an order of magnitude. This uncertainty could be reduced to a factor of three in stratigraphic systems through improved constraints on channel width and development of better relationships between bankfull and mean annual discharge. Uncertainties can be lowered to a factor of two in extant systems where key variables (e.g., slope, etc.) can be measured instead of estimated. The method also retains intrinsic limitations. It derives a discharge for only a single representative “unit” channel, and the contingency of multiple channels must be detected through other geologic data and integrated independently. The method also does not account for mass extraction through deposition between the catchment and the fulcrum, though fulcrum tests in multiple cross sections longitudinally could potentially lend insight into this issue. Accuracy of the test also depends upon stratigraphic preservation as a valid “statistical sampling machine” for discharge processes, and upon unbiased sampling of discrete channel stories within this preserved sample population.