Institution
University of Copenhagen
Education•Copenhagen, Denmark•
About: University of Copenhagen is a education organization based out in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 57645 authors who have published 149740 publications receiving 5903093 citations. The organization is also known as: Copenhagen University & Københavns Universitet.
Topics: Population, Medicine, Galaxy, Diabetes mellitus, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is shown that five unrelated ICF patients have mutations in both alleles of the gene that encodes DNA methyltransferase 3B (refs 5, 6), which is the only genetic disorder known to involve constitutive abnormalities of genomic methylation patterns.
Abstract: The recessive autosomal disorder known as ICF syndrome (for immunodeficiency, centromere instability and facial anomalies; Mendelian Inheritance in Man number 242860) is characterized by variable reductions in serum immunoglobulin levels which cause most ICF patients to succumb to infectious diseases before adulthood. Mild facial anomalies include hypertelorism, low-set ears, epicanthal folds and macroglossia. The cytogenetic abnormalities in lymphocytes are exuberant: juxtacentromeric heterochromatin is greatly elongated and thread-like in metaphase chromosomes, which is associated with the formation of complex multiradiate chromosomes. The same juxtacentromeric regions are subject to persistent interphase self-associations and are extruded into nuclear blebs or micronuclei. Abnormalities are largely confined to tracts of classical satellites 2 and 3 at juxtacentromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16. Classical satellite DNA is normally heavily methylated at cytosine residues, but in ICF syndrome it is almost completely unmethylated in all tissues. ICF syndrome is the only genetic disorder known to involve constitutive abnormalities of genomic methylation patterns. Here we show that five unrelated ICF patients have mutations in both alleles of the gene that encodes DNA methyltransferase 3B (refs 5, 6). Cytosine methylation is essential for the organization and stabilization of a specific type of heterochromatin, and this methylation appears to be carried out by an enzyme specialized for the purpose.
1,144 citations
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Spanish National Research Council1, University of Cambridge2, Complutense University of Madrid3, Max Planck Society4, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam5, University of La Laguna6, University of Zaragoza7, University of Vienna8, Masaryk University9, University of Sydney10, Centre national de la recherche scientifique11, Ruhr University Bochum12, Autonomous University of Madrid13, Australian Astronomical Observatory14, Paris Diderot University15, University of Copenhagen16, University of Missouri–Kansas City17, Tianjin Normal University18, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris19, Charles University in Prague20, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic21, Macquarie University22, Instituto Superior Técnico23, University of Porto24, Heidelberg University25, University of Granada26, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute27, University of Edinburgh28
TL;DR: The Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey as discussed by the authors was designed to provide a first step in this direction by obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopic information of a diameter selected sample of similar to 600 galaxies in the Local Universe.
Abstract: The final product of galaxy evolution through cosmic time is the population of galaxies in the local universe. These galaxies are also those that can be studied in most detail, thus providing a stringent benchmark for our understanding of galaxy evolution. Through the huge success of spectroscopic single-fiber, statistical surveys of the Local Universe in the last decade, it has become clear, however, that an authoritative observational description of galaxies will involve measuring their spatially resolved properties over their full optical extent for a statistically significant sample. We present here the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey, which has been designed to provide a first step in this direction. We summarize the survey goals and design, including sample selection and observational strategy. We also showcase the data taken during the first observing runs (June/July 2010) and outline the reduction pipeline, quality control schemes and general characteristics of the reduced data. This survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopic information of a diameter selected sample of similar to 600 galaxies in the Local Universe (0.005 < z < 0.03). CALIFA has been designed to allow the building of two-dimensional maps of the following quantities: (a) stellar populations: ages and metallicities; (b) ionized gas: distribution, excitation mechanism and chemical abundances; and (c) kinematic properties: both from stellar and ionized gas components. CALIFA uses the PPAK integral field unit (IFU), with a hexagonal field-of-view of similar to 1.3 square', with a 100% covering factor by adopting a three-pointing dithering scheme. The optical wavelength range is covered from 3700 to 7000 angstrom, using two overlapping setups (V500 and V1200), with different resolutions: R similar to 850 and R similar to 1650, respectively. CALIFA is a legacy survey, intended for the community. The reduced data will be released, once the quality has been guaranteed. The analyzed data fulfill the expectations of the original observing proposal, on the basis of a set of quality checks and exploratory analysis: (i) the final datacubes reach a 3 sigma limiting surface brightness depth of similar to 23.0 mag/arcsec(2) for the V500 grating data (similar to 22.8 mag/arcsec(2) for V1200); (ii) about similar to 70% of the covered field-of-view is above this 3 sigma limit; (iii) the data have a blue-to-red relative flux calibration within a few percent in most of the wavelength range; (iv) the absolute flux calibration is accurate within similar to 8% with respect to SDSS; (v) the measured spectral resolution is similar to 85 km s(-1) for V1200 (similar to 150 km s(-1) for V500); (vi) the estimated accuracy of the wavelength calibration is similar to 5 km s(-1) for the V1200 data (similar to 10 km s(-1) for the V500 data); (vii) the aperture matched CALIFA and SDSS spectra are qualitatively and quantitatively similar. Finally, we show that we are able to carry out all measurements indicated above, recovering the properties of the stellar populations, the ionized gas and the kinematics of both components. The associated maps illustrate the spatial variation of these parameters across the field, reemphasizing the redshift dependence of single aperture spectroscopic measurements. We conclude from this first look at the data that CALIFA will be an important resource for archaeological studies of galaxies in the Local Universe.
1,143 citations
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TL;DR: Altered alterations in the gut, dental or saliva microbiome distinguished individuals with RA from healthy controls, were correlated with clinical measures and could be used to stratify individuals on the basis of their response to therapy.
Abstract: We carried out metagenomic shotgun sequencing and a metagenome-wide association study (MGWAS) of fecal, dental and salivary samples from a cohort of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls. Concordance was observed between the gut and oral microbiomes, suggesting overlap in the abundance and function of species at different body sites. Dysbiosis was detected in the gut and oral microbiomes of RA patients, but it was partially resolved after RA treatment. Alterations in the gut, dental or saliva microbiome distinguished individuals with RA from healthy controls, were correlated with clinical measures and could be used to stratify individuals on the basis of their response to therapy. In particular, Haemophilus spp. were depleted in individuals with RA at all three sites and negatively correlated with levels of serum autoantibodies, whereas Lactobacillus salivarius was over-represented in individuals with RA at all three sites and was present in increased amounts in cases of very active RA. Functionally, the redox environment, transport and metabolism of iron, sulfur, zinc and arginine were altered in the microbiota of individuals with RA. Molecular mimicry of human antigens related to RA was also detectable. Our results establish specific alterations in the gut and oral microbiomes in individuals with RA and suggest potential ways of using microbiome composition for prognosis and diagnosis.
1,142 citations
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TL;DR: A strong association between immunodeficiency and risk of liver-related death was found and long-term follow-up is required to investigate whether clinically significant treatment-associated liver- related mortality will develop.
Abstract: Background An increasing proportion of deaths among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with access to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are due to complications of liver diseases. Methods We investigated the frequency of and risk factors associated with liver-related deaths in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs study, which prospectively evaluated 76 893 person-years of follow-up in 23 441 HIV-infected persons. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses identified factors associated with liver-related, AIDS-related, and other causes of death. Results There were 1246 deaths (5.3%; 1.6 per 100 person-years); 14.5% were from liver-related causes. Of these, 16.9% had active hepatitis B virus (HBV), 66.1% had hepatitis C virus (HCV), and 7.1% had dual viral hepatitis co-infections. Predictors of liver-related deaths were latest CD4 cell count (adjusted relative rate [RR], 16.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1-31.7 for or =500/microL), age (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4 per 5 years older), intravenous drug use (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.4), HCV infection (RR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.2), and active HBV infection (RR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.4-5.9). Univariable analyses showed no relationship between cumulative years patients were receiving cART and liver-related death (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.07). Adjustment for the most recent CD4 cell count and patient characteristics resulted in an increased risk of liver-related mortality per year of mono or dual antiretroviral therapy before cART (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; P = .008) and per year of cART (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21; P = .02). Conclusions Liver-related death was the most frequent cause of non-AIDS-related death. We found a strong association between immunodeficiency and risk of liver-related death. Longer follow-up is required to investigate whether clinically significant treatment-associated liver-related mortality will develop.
1,141 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived theoretical approximations to scattering cross sections, ranges and straggling for power potentials, showing that the scattering is peaked in the forward direction rather than isotropic.
Abstract: At low energies ionic collisions with atoms are largely elastic. Simple theoretical approximations to scattering cross sections, ranges and straggling are derived for power potentials, showing that the scattering is peaked in the forward direction rather than isotropic. Using an approximate universal potential of Thomas-Fermi type a natural measure of range, $\ensuremath{\rho}$, and of energy, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, is obtained for all ions in all substances. The corresponding range-energy curve is computed.At higher ion energies the electronic excitation becomes increasingly important. An approximate formula is given for the electronic stopping contribution, increasing proportional to ion velocity at low and moderate velocities. These results are applied in the interpretation of a few isotope effects, observed in range measurements.
1,139 citations
Authors
Showing all 58387 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael Karin | 236 | 704 | 226485 |
Matthias Mann | 221 | 887 | 230213 |
Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Kenneth S. Kendler | 177 | 1327 | 142251 |
Dorret I. Boomsma | 176 | 1507 | 136353 |
Ramachandran S. Vasan | 172 | 1100 | 138108 |
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir | 167 | 444 | 121009 |
Mika Kivimäki | 166 | 1515 | 141468 |
Jun Wang | 166 | 1093 | 141621 |
Anders Björklund | 165 | 769 | 84268 |
Gerald I. Shulman | 164 | 579 | 109520 |
Jaakko Kaprio | 163 | 1532 | 126320 |
Veikko Salomaa | 162 | 843 | 135046 |
Daniel J. Jacob | 162 | 656 | 76530 |