University of Kentucky

About: University of Kentucky is a education organization based out in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 43933 authors who have published 92195 publications receiving 3256087 citations. The organization is also known as: UK.

Academic and Social Perceptions as Predictors of Change in Middle School Students' Sense of School Belonging.

Abstract: Change in middle school students' sense of school belonging was examined in relation to grade point average, motivation variables, and teachers' promotion of mutual respect in classes. Survey data from 618 students collected in three waves during the sixth and seventh grades were submitted to growth curve analysis. On average, students' sense of school belonging declined over time. Initial levels of school belonging were predicted positively by students' grade point average, academic task values, and perceived classroom task goal orientations. Teacher promotion of mutual respect had a small effect in ameliorating the decline in school belonging. The findings suggest that students' sense of school belonging is enhanced when teachers promote adaptive academic and interpersonal contexts in their classrooms.

A polynomial algorithm for testing diagnosability of discrete-event systems

Abstract: Failure diagnosis in large and complex systems is a critical task. In the realm of discrete-event systems, Sampath et al. (1995) proposed a language based failure diagnosis approach. They introduced the diagnosability for discrete-event systems and gave a method for testing the diagnosability by first constructing a diagnoser for the system. The complexity of this method of testing diagnosability is exponential in the number of states of the system and doubly exponential in the number of failure types. We give an algorithm for testing diagnosability that does not construct a diagnoser for the system, and its complexity is of fourth order in the number of states of the system and linear in the number of the failure types.

Impairment of Glucose and Glutamate Transport and Induction of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction in Synaptosomes by Amyloid β-Peptide: Role of the Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal

Abstract: Deposits of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta), reduced glucose uptake into brain cells, oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids, and excitotoxic mechanisms have all been suggested to play roles in the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease. Synapse loss is closely correlated with cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that the synapse may be the site at which degenerative mechanisms are initiated and propagated. We report that A beta causes oxyradical-mediated impairment of glucose transport, glutamate transport, and mitochondrial function in rat neocortical synaptosomes. A beta induced membrane lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes that occurred within 1 h of exposure; significant decreases in glucose transport occurred within 1 h of exposure to A beta and decreased further with time. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal conjugated to synaptosomal proteins and impaired glucose transport; several antioxidants prevented A beta-induced impairment of glucose transport, indicating that lipid peroxidation was causally linked to this adverse action of A beta. FeSO4 (an initiator of lipid peroxidation), A beta, and 4-hydroxynonenal each induced accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, caused concentration-dependent decreases in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction, and reduced cellular ATP levels significantly. A beta also impaired glutamate transport, an effect blocked by antioxidants. These data suggest that A beta induces membrane lipid peroxidation, which results in impairment of the function of membrane glucose and glutamate transporters, altered mitochondrial function, and a deficit in ATP levels; 4-hydroxynonenal appears to be a mediator of these actions of A beta. These data suggest that oxidative stress occurring at synapses may contribute to the reduced glucose uptake and synaptic degeneration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease patients. They further suggest a sequence of events whereby oxidative stress promotes excitotoxic synaptic degeneration and neuronal cell death in a variety of different neurodegenerative disorders.

Women in the Field: Critical Feminist Methodologies and Theoretical Perspectives*

Abstract: Feminist scholars have traditionally emphasized the importance of incorporating “the everyday” worlds of women into the historically masculinist theoretical and empirical foundations of the social sciences. Such emphases have commonly resulted in smaller-scale research projects and more interactive kinds of research methods and methodologies. Feminist geographers have uniquely contributed to the body of feminist scholarship through drawing out the importance of place in everyday constructions of gender and, more recently, sexuality. Critical field-based research has therefore from the beginning been the mainstay of subdisciplinary research. Like the discipline as a whole, however, little explicit attention has been given in publications or pedagogically to the politics of fieldwork (including how a “field” is defined and the politics involved in choosing and working in a particular “field”) or the politics of representation (which includes considerations of the partiality of knowledge and how and to whom ...

A Survey of Device-to-Device Communications: Research Issues and Challenges

Abstract: Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has emerged as a promising technology for optimizing spectral efficiency in future cellular networks. D2D takes advantage of the proximity of communicating devices for efficient utilization of available resources, improving data rates, reducing latency, and increasing system capacity. The research community is actively investigating the D2D paradigm to realize its full potential and enable its smooth integration into the future cellular system architecture. Existing surveys on this paradigm largely focus on interference and resource management. We review recently proposed solutions in over explored and under explored areas in D2D. These solutions include protocols, algorithms, and architectures in D2D. Furthermore, we provide new insights on open issues in these areas. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions.