University of Kentucky

About: University of Kentucky is a education organization based out in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 43933 authors who have published 92195 publications receiving 3256087 citations. The organization is also known as: UK.

Bone reconstruction: from bioceramics to tissue engineering.

Abstract: Over the past 30 years, an enormous array of biomaterials proposed as ideal scaffolds for cell growth have emerged, yet few have demonstrated clinical efficacy. Biomaterials, regardless of whether they are permanent or biodegradable, naturally occurring or synthetic, need to be biocompatible, ideally osteoinductive, osteoconductive, integrative, porous and mechanically compatible with native bone to fulfill their desired role in bone tissue engineering. These materials provide cell anchorage sites, mechanical stability and structural guidance and in vivo, provide the interface to respond to physiologic and biologic changes as well as to remodel the extracellular matrix in order to integrate with the surrounding native tissue. Calcium phosphate ceramics and bioactive glasses were introduced more than 30 years ago as bone substitutes. These materials are considered bioactive as they bond to bone and enhance bone tissue formation. The bioactivity property has been attributed to the similarity between the surface composition and structure of bioactive materials, and the mineral phase of bone. The drawback in using bioactive glasses and calcium phosphate ceramics is that close proximity to the host bone is necessary to achieve osteoconduction. Even when this is achieved, new bone growth is often strictly limited because these materials are not osteoinductive in nature. Bone has a vast capacity for regeneration from cells with stem cell characteristics. Moreover, a number of different growth factors including bone morphogenetic proteins, have been demonstrated to stimulate bone growth, collagen synthesis and fracture repair both in vitro and in vivo. Attempts to develop a tissue-engineering scaffold with both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity have included loading osteoinductive proteins and/or osteogenic cells on the traditional bioactive materials. Yet issues that must be considered for the effective application of bioceramics in the field of tissue engineering are the degree of bioresorption and the poor mechanical strength. The synthesis of a new generation of biomaterials that can specifically serve as tissue engineering scaffolds for drug and cell delivery is needed. Nanotechnology can provide an alternative way of processing porous bioceramics with high mechanical strength and enhanced bioactivity and resorbability.

FIP/AAPS guidelines to dissolution/in vitro release testing of novel/special dosage forms

Abstract: Contributors Jean-Marc Aiache, Nobuo Aoyagi, Dennis Bashaw, Cynthia Brown, William Brown, Diane Burgess, John Crison, Patrick DeLuca, Ruzica Djerki, Jennifer Dressman, Thomas Foster, Kirsti Gjellan, Vivian Gray, Ajaz Hussain, Tom Ingallinera, James Klancke, Johannes Kraemer, Henning Kristensen, Kofi Kumi, Christian Leuner, Jobst Limberg, Petra Loos, Lenny Margulis, Patrick Marroum, Helga Moeller, Bernd Mueller, Martin Mueller-Zsigmondy, Ngozi Okafo, Larry Ouderkirk, Shravan Parsi, Saeed Qureshi, Joseph Robinson, Vinod Shah, Martin Siewert, Ramana Uppoor, and Roger Williams. Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany JW Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD Universite d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Drugs, Tokyo, Japan US Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD University of Connecticut, Storrs Mansfield, CT Pfizer, Inc, La Jolla, CA University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland AstraZeneca, Sodertalje, Sweden V.A. Gray Consulting, Inc, Hockessin, DE AAI International, Charleston, SC CIMA Laboratories, Inc, Minneapolis, MN Laboratory and Quality Services, Eschborn, Germany University of Copenhagen, Denmark Bundesinstitut fur Arzneimittel, Bonn, Germany Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ Pfizer, Groton, CT Zentrallaboratorium Deutscher Apotheker, Eschborn, Germany Kiel University, Kiel, Germany Alza Corporation, Mountain View, CA DPT Laboratories, Ltd, San Antonio, TX Health Protection Branch, Ottawa, Canada University of Wisconsin, WI

Psychological Inflexibility in Childhood and Adolescence: Development and Evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth.

Abstract: The authors describe the development and validation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y), a child-report measure of psychological inflexibility engendered by high levels of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. Consistent with the theory underlying acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), items converged into a 17-item scale (AFQ-Y) and an 8-item short form (AFQ-Y8). A multimethod psychometric approach provides preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the AFQ-Y and AFQ-Y8. In 5 substudies, 3 samples (total N = 1369) were used to establish (a) item comprehension (n = 181), (b) initial item selection (n = 513), (c) final item reduction and development of a short form for research (n = 346), (d) comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the AFQ-Y and AFQ-Y8 (n = 329), and (e) convergent and construct validity for both versions of the AFQ-Y. Overall, results suggest that the AFQ-Y and AFQ-Y8 may be useful child-report measures of core ACT processes.