University of Kentucky

About: University of Kentucky is a education organization based out in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 43933 authors who have published 92195 publications receiving 3256087 citations. The organization is also known as: UK.

Management of Chronic Pain in Survivors of Adult Cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline

Abstract: PurposeTo provide evidence-based guidance on the optimum management of chronic pain in adult cancer survivors.MethodsAn ASCO-convened expert panel conducted a systematic literature search of studies investigating chronic pain management in cancer survivors. Outcomes of interest included symptom relief, pain intensity, quality of life, functional outcomes, adverse events, misuse or diversion, and risk assessment or mitigation.ResultsA total of 63 studies met eligibility criteria and compose the evidentiary basis for the recommendations. Studies tended to be heterogeneous in terms of quality, size, and populations. Primary outcomes also varied across the studies, and in most cases, were not directly comparable because of different outcomes, measurements, and instruments used at different time points. Because of a paucity of high-quality evidence, many recommendations are based on expert consensus.RecommendationsClinicians should screen for pain at each encounter. Recurrent disease, second malignancy, or lat...

Calcium and reactive oxygen species mediate staurosporine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Abstract: The bacterial alkaloid staurosporine is widely employed as an inducer of apoptosis in many cell types including neurons. The intracellular cascades that mediate staurosporine-induced apoptosis are largely unknown. Exposure of cultured PC12 cells to staurosporine resulted in a rapid (min) and prolonged (1-6 hr) elevation of intracellular free calcium levels [Ca2+]i, accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased mitochondrial 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction (1-4 hr). These early events were followed by membrane lipid peroxidation, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and nuclear apoptotic changes. Treatment of cells with serum or nerve growth factor within 1-2 hr of staurosporine exposure resulted in recovery of [Ca2+]i and ROS levels, and rescued the cells from apoptosis. The increased [Ca2+]i and ROS production were required for staurosporine-induced apoptosis because the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA and uric acid (an agent that scavenges peroxynitrite) each protected cells against apoptosis. The caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk and the anti-apoptotic gene product Bcl-2 prevented the sustained [Ca2+]i increase and ROS accumulation induced by staurosporine indicating that caspases act very early in the apoptotic process. Our data indicate that a [Ca2+]i increase is an early and critical event in staurosporine-induced apoptosis that engages a cell death pathway involving ROS production, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Redirection of cytosolic or plastidic isoprenoid precursors elevates terpene production in plants.

Abstract: Redirection of cytosolic or plastidic isoprenoid precursors elevates terpene production in plants

Pet Ownership and Attachment as Supportive Factors in the Health of the Elderly

Abstract: In order to examine pet ownership and pet attachment as factors supporting the health of the elderly, a national probability sample of Americans 65 years of age and older was drawn. Participants answered telephone survey questions regarding pet ownership, life stress, social support, depression, and recent illness. In multiple regression analyses, pet ownership failed to predict depression and illness behavior, while pet attachment significantly predicted depression but not illness experience. In a group with particularly great distress (the bereaved), pet ownership and strong attachment were significantly associated with less depression only when the number of available confidants was minimal.