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University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
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About: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Pregnancy. The organization has 14634 authors who have published 19610 publications receiving 1041794 citations.
Topics: Population, Pregnancy, Poison control, Gene, Receptor
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Duke University1, Veterans Health Administration2, University of California, San Francisco3, University of Texas at Austin4, VCU Medical Center5, University of Chicago6, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey7, University of Texas Medical Branch8, California Pacific Medical Center9, University of California, San Diego10, New York University11
TL;DR: Colonoscopy was more sensitive than other tests, as currently undertaken, for detection of colonic polyps and cancers, and have important implications for diagnostic use of colon imaging tests.
621 citations
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TL;DR: A role for BDNF in the modulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus is suggested through a previously unreported mechanism--increased postsynaptic responsiveness via a phosphorylation-dependent pathway.
Abstract: Although neurotrophins are primarily associated with long-term effects on neuronal survival and differentiation, recent studies have shown that acute changes in synaptic transmission can also be produced. In the hippocampus, an area critically involved in learning and memory, we have found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rapidly enhanced synaptic efficacy through a previously unreported mechanism--increased postsynaptic responsiveness via a phosphorylation-dependent pathway. Within minutes of BDNF application to cultured hippocampal neurons, spontaneous firing rate was dramatically increased, as were the frequency and amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents. The increased frequency of postsynaptic currents resulted from the change in presynaptic firing. However, the increased amplitude was postsynaptic in origin because it was selectively blocked by intracellular injection of the tyrosine kinase receptor (Ntrk2/TrkB) inhibitor K-252a and potentiated by injection of the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. These results suggest a role for BDNF in the modulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.
620 citations
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TL;DR: The potential use ofVisual feedback, focusing on mirror visual feedback, introduced over 15 years ago, for the treatment of many chronic neurological disorders that have long been regarded as intractable such as phantom pain, hemiparesis from stroke and complex regional pain syndrome is reviewed.
Abstract: This article reviews the potential use of visual feedback, focusing on mirror visual feedback, introduced over 15 years ago, for the treatment of many chronic neurological disorders that have long been regarded as intractable such as phantom pain, hemiparesis from stroke and complex regional pain syndrome. Apart from its clinical importance, mirror visual feedback paves the way for a paradigm shift in the way we approach neurological disorders. Instead of resulting entirely from irreversible damage to specialized brain modules, some of them may arise from short-term functional shifts that are potentially reversible. If so, relatively simple therapies can be devised--of which mirror visual feedback is an example--to restore function.
617 citations
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Columbia University1, California Pacific Medical Center2, Washington University in St. Louis3, Mayo Clinic4, University of California, San Francisco5, University of Colorado Hospital6, University of California, Irvine7, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey8, Virginia Mason Medical Center9, Duke University10, University of California, Los Angeles11, University of Pennsylvania12, University of Kansas13, University of Vermont14
TL;DR: The finding that minocycline has a harmful effect on patients with ALS has implications for trials of minocyCline in patients with other neurological disorders, and for how potential neuroprotective agents are screened for use in Patients with ALS.
Abstract: Summary Background Minocycline has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, and extends survival in mouse models of some neurological conditions. Several trials are planned or are in progress to assess whether minocycline slows human neurodegeneration. We aimed to test the efficacy of minocycline as a treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods We did a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled phase III trial. After a 4-month lead-in phase, 412 patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo or minocycline in escalating doses of up to 400 mg/day for 9 months. The primary outcome measure was the difference in rate of change in the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R). Secondary outcome measures were forced vital capacity (FVC), manual muscle testing (MMT), quality of life, survival, and safety. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00047723. Findings ALSFRS-R score deterioration was faster in the minocycline group than in the placebo group (−1·30 vs −1·04 units/month, 95% CI for difference −0·44 to −0·08; p=0·005). Patients on minocycline also had non-significant tendencies towards faster decline in FVC (−3·48 vs −3·01, −1·03 to 0·11; p=0·11) and MMT score (−0·30 vs −0·26, −0·08 to 0·01; p=0·11), and greater mortality during the 9-month treatment phase (hazard ratio=1·32, 95% CI 0·83 to 2·10; p=0·23) than did patients on placebo. Quality-of-life scores did not differ between the treatment groups. Non-serious gastrointestinal and neurological adverse events were more common in the minocycline group than in the placebo group, but these events were not significantly related to the decline in ALSFRS-R score. Interpretation Our finding that minocycline has a harmful effect on patients with ALS has implications for trials of minocycline in patients with other neurological disorders, and for how potential neuroprotective agents are screened for use in patients with ALS.
610 citations
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TL;DR: Results imply a restricted role for lymphocyte CCR9 and its ligand TECK in the small intestine, and provide the first evidence for distinctive mechanisms of lymphocyte recruitment that may permit functional specialization of immune responses in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract: The immune system has evolved specialized cellular and molecular mechanisms for targeting and regulating immune responses at epithelial surfaces. Here we show that small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes migrate to thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK). This attraction is mediated by CC chemokine receptor (CCR)9, a chemoattractant receptor expressed at high levels by essentially all CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the small intestine. Only a small subset of lymphocytes in the colon are CCR9+, and lymphocytes from other tissues including tonsils, lung, inflamed liver, normal or inflamed skin, inflamed synovium and synovial fluid, breast milk, and seminal fluid are universally CCR9−. TECK expression is also restricted to the small intestine: immunohistochemistry reveals that intense anti-TECK reactivity characterizes crypt epithelium in the jejunum and ileum, but not in other epithelia of the digestive tract (including stomach and colon), skin, lung, or salivary gland. These results imply a restricted role for lymphocyte CCR9 and its ligand TECK in the small intestine, and provide the first evidence for distinctive mechanisms of lymphocyte recruitment that may permit functional specialization of immune responses in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Selective expression of chemokines by differentiated epithelium may represent an important mechanism for targeting and specialization of immune responses.
608 citations
Authors
Showing all 14639 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Virginia M.-Y. Lee | 194 | 993 | 148820 |
Danny Reinberg | 145 | 342 | 68201 |
Michael F. Holick | 145 | 767 | 107937 |
Tasuku Honjo | 141 | 712 | 88428 |
Arnold J. Levine | 139 | 485 | 116005 |
Aaron T. Beck | 139 | 536 | 170816 |
Charles J. Yeo | 136 | 672 | 76424 |
Jerry W. Shay | 133 | 639 | 74774 |
Chung S. Yang | 128 | 560 | 56265 |
Paul G. Falkowski | 127 | 378 | 64898 |
Csaba Szabó | 123 | 958 | 61791 |
William C. Roberts | 122 | 1117 | 55285 |
Bryan R. Cullen | 121 | 371 | 50901 |
John R. Perfect | 119 | 573 | 52325 |